CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF THE Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) SPECIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF THE KARSHI OASIS

ABSTRACT

The article presents the results of the analysis of the content of the essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) species introduced in the conditions of the Karshi oasis in the southern part of Uzbekistan by the method of chromato-mass spectroscopy. Plants in the generative phase were selected for the study and the content of essential oil in their organs was analyzed. It has been established that the composition of the R. officinalis essential oil grown in the Karshi oasis consists of 56 components, the amount of medicinal biologically active substances in the composition of the essential oil has increased, and the amount of some components has also increased.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье представлены результаты анализа содержания эфирного масла видов Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae), интродуцированных в условиях Каршинского оазиса в южной части Узбекистана, методом хромато-масс-спектроскопии. Для исследования отбирали растения в генеративной фазе и анализировали содержание эфирного масла в их органах. Установлено, что состав эфирного масла R. officinalis, выращенного в Каршинском оазисе, состоит из 56 компонентов, в составе эфирного масла увеличилось количество лекарственных биологически активных веществ, а также увеличилось количество некоторых компонентов.

Keywords: Introduction, medicinal plant, essential oil, chromatography, chromatograph mass spectrometric analysis.

Ключевые слова: Интродукция, лекарственное растение, эфирное масло, хроматография, хромато-масс-спектрометрический анализ.

Introduction

Under conditions of introduction, it is important to study their chemical composition in order to assess the importance of species in the national economy  [1].

Southern Uzbekistan has its own natural and climatic conditions and is considered a cultigenic area for the introduction of subtropical plants [2]. In our scientific research, essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis L. species [3] grown under the conditions of the introduction of the Karshi oasis were studied. Plants in the generative phase were selected for the study and the content of essential oil in their organs was analyzed.

R. officinalis  is considered a valuable medicinal species with a large amount of essential oil, and the leaves and young branches of the plant are used in medicine. Green branches and leaves contain essential oils (alpha-pinene 29.80-34.34%, eucalyptol 27.15-30.26%, verbenone 7.63-8.14%, geraniol 4.47-5.22%, simole, borleol, carvacrol), a small amount of tannins and flavonoids [4, 5, 6, 7]. It is used in perfumery, soap making, dyeing, food industry, and also in insect control [8, 9].

The plant stores a large amount of essential oils in its leaves, flowers, young branches and the upper part of 3-4 year old branches. Spain, France and Dalmatia are the leading countries in the production of rosemary oil. Every year, these countries produce 200-250 thousand kg of rosemary oil. A special farm has been created in Alushta for the purpose of supplying rosemary raw materials on an industrial scale [10, 11]. The leaves of the plant are specifically included in the British Pharmacopoeia. Rosemary leaves are officially considered a raw material in the USA, India and China and are used in homeopathy [12]. In the North Caucasus, it is included in the combined preparations "Kanefron", "Pulmex", "Evkabol", "Tetesept" and specially registered biologically active food supplements [13].

The aim of the study is to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oil of R. officinalis grown in the Karshi oasis in the southern part of Uzbekistan.

The objective of the study is to analyze the composition of the essential oil obtained from R. officinalis under the conditions of introduction and to determine the amount of components of the essential oil.

Materials and methods

Research was carried out to study the qualitative and quantitative variability of the essential oil contained in R. officinalis, growing in the Karshi oasis.

In the scientific laboratory of the Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences, the essential oil of medicinal plants grown in the Karshi oasis was analyzed using chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the components of the essential oil were determined.

The essential oil was extracted from the plant using steam distillation. To do this, we took 50 g of plant material and placed it in a 500 ml flask, which was filled with distilled water (about 200 ml). A Clevenger apparatus was used to run the product through steam. The isolated product was extracted with dichloromethane, and the essential oil extract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate in a fume hood. The resulting essential oil was stored in the refrigerator at -4°C.

The essential oil components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on an Agilent 7890B gas chromatograph with a 5977A quadrupole mass spectrometer as a detector and an automatic input system. A VF-Waxms quartz column (100% polyethylene glycol) 30 m long with an internal diameter of 0,25 μm (Agilent Technologies, the Netherlands) with a constant flow of helium carrier gas of 0,9 ml/min was used. Evaporator temperature: 280 °C. Ion source temperature: 230 °C. Interface temperature between GX and MS detectors: 280 °C. The molecules were ionized by electrons (70 eV). Data collection 45-950 BC. performed by a public square

A solution of essential oil in dichloromethane (0,5 μl) in a ratio of 1:20 was automatically introduced into the evaporator. The column temperature was maintained at 50°C for 5 min, then increased from 50 to 280°C in increments of 5°C/min, and finally the column was maintained at 280°C for 15 min; injector temperature 250 °C; detector temperature 270 °C. Enhanced Chem Station MSD software version F.01.01.2317 (Agilent Technologies) was used to record and integrate the chromatograms.

The quantitative composition of essential oil components was calculated from chromatographic peaks. Retention indices (RI) of qualitative analysis and complete mass spectra of reference oil components and chromatography-mass spectrometry data of pure compounds with corresponding information from the Wiley Registry of Mass Spectral Data (9th ed.) library, with data from the mass spectral library NIST data (2011), as well as catalogs [14] based on comparison.

Results and discussion

According to the results of the analysis of R. officinalis by the number of components included in the composition of the essential oil, the composition of the essential oil obtained from plants growing in the Karshi oasis consists of 56 components (Table 1, Figure 1).

Tablе 1.

Qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oil obtained from Rosmarinus officinalis, grown in the Karshi oasis

In the Botanical Garden of the Pyatigorsk Medical Pharmaceutical Institute (PMPI), this figure was 50, and in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden - 45 components.

Among the 50 components of the essential oil of the plant grown in the botanical garden of the PMPI, the main ones are cineole (19,6%), bornyl acetate (9,1%), isoborneol (8,4%), d-verbenone (7,9%), δ-pinene (7,9%). Among the 45 components of the essential oil of the plant grown in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, the main ones are cineole (26,8%) and isoborneol (7,6%) [13].

The main components of R. officinalis essential oil grown in the Karshi oasis are P-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (10,17%), valentene (9,60%), 1,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclopentene (4,81%), germacrene D (3,96%), diethylene glycol (3,14%), α-amorphene (2,79%), cis-verbenol (2,57%), 2,4-hexadienal ( 1,96%), eucalyptol (1,85%), carvestrene (1,57%), santhene (1,49%), 1-hexanol (1,12%), the remaining components are collected less than 1% (Table 1, Figure 1).

Figure 1. Chromatography of essential oil contained in a flowering branch of Rosmarinus officinalis

The composition of the main components showed that the components formed in the essential oil of plants grown in the conditions of the Karshi oasis are not collected in the essential oil of plants grown in other regions. Especially P-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol (10,17%), valentene (9,60%) accumulation in large quantities increases the phytotherapeutic properties of the plant.

Conclusion. In conclusion, we can say that during the phytochemical analysis of the composition of essential oils of plants grown in the conditions of the Karshi oasis, the results obtained are close to the literature data, and the number and quantity of components in essential oils are much higher. It has been established that the composition of essential oils of R. officinalis is made up of 56 different components. This indicates the possibility of growing and planting the selected species in irrigated typical sierozem areas of the Karshi oasis.

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