DETERMINATION OF ANTI-RADICAL ACTIVITY OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTAINED IN FOOD ADDITIVES BASED ON BITTER AND SWEET WATERMELON

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье определяли антирадикальную активность горьких и сладких арбузов методом DPPH с целью определения химического состава, лечебных свойств и биологической активности биологически активных веществ, содержащихся в семенах и кожуре горьких и сладких арбузов, выращенных в Андижанская область.

ABSTRACT

In this article, the antiradical activity of bitter and sweet watermelons was determined using the DPPH method in order to determine the chemical composition, medicinal properties, and biological activity of the biologically active substances contained in the seeds and peel of bitter and sweet watermelons grown in Andijan region.

Ключевые слова: семечки арбуза горько-сладкого, корка арбуза горько-сладкого, биологически активное вещество, белок, жиры, линоленовая кислота.

Keywords: Bitter and sweet watermelon seeds, Bitter and sweet watermelon rind, biologically active substance, protein, fats, linolenic acid.

Introduction. The bitter watermelon plant (Citrullus colocynthis) belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family, the Citrullus family, and is widespread in the Mediterranean and Asia. It is usually considered the ancestor of cultivated watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) [1].

Citrullus colocynthis has many common names, including Abu Jahl melon, (original name in Turkey) colocynth, bitter apple, bitter cucumber, etc.Citrullus colocynthis contains carbohydrates, proteins, isolated amino acids, tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, flavone glucosides, terpenoids, alkaloids, anthranol, steroids, cucurbitacins, saponarin, glycoloids, and many other chemical groups. It has antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, reproductive, protective and other pharmacological effects [1].

Fruit pulp contains resins, glycosides (up to 2%), pectins and proteins extracted with diethyl ether and chloroform. The strong laxative effect of the fruits of the plant is due to the glycoside colocyntin contained in their pulp, and their genins are elaterins, derivatives of the tetracyclic triterpene cucurbitacin [2] [3].

The pulp of colocynth fruits has very pronounced laxative properties, when used in small quantities it causes severe diarrhea, when the dose is exceeded it causes vomiting, colic, enteritis and gastritis [4].

Colocynth fruit powder or extract is used as a strong laxative and liver stimulant. In overdose, they can cause severe acute pain in the intestines with dangerous inflammation. A decoction made from the fruit pulp was also used as an insecticide [5].

The seeds are gray and 5 millimeters long and 3 mm wide. They have a bitter, nutty taste, just like the fruit, and are rich in fat and protein. They are eaten whole or used as an oilseed. The oil content of the seeds is 17-19%, 67-73% linoleic acid, 10-16% oleic acid, 5-8% stearic acid and 9-12% palmitic acid. Oil yield is about 400 L/ha. In addition, the seeds contain a large amount of amino acids, including arginine, tryptophan, and sulfur [6].

To maintain physiological conditions in the cell, oxidative processes must be under the strict control of a specialized cell system, the so-called endogenous antioxidant system, which ensures the maintenance of general homeostasis and a stationary level of ROS in the body. The antioxidant system includes antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD, its various forms), catalase, enzymes involved in the metabolism of glutathione, peroxidase, etc. This system can also include proteins that bind metals of variable valence, for example, iron-binding proteins - ferritin, transferrin, etc. In addition, low molecular weight compounds are also present in the body, which can also regulate the level of ROS in the cell. An imbalance in the antioxidant system of the body leads to oxidative stress of one or another organ or tissue, which can lead to the development of many pathological processes. In case of violation of the antioxidant system of the body, it is necessary to replenish the balance with exogenous antioxidants, which are plant-based.

Natural compounds are an inexhaustible source of drugs with various therapeutic effects. The study of the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of a huge number of plant, animal and human diseases has shown that all of them are to some extent associated with the activation or suppression of free radical processes. Therefore, the search and study of regulators of such processes based on natural and synthetic raw materials remains relevant.

All plant compounds in relation to animal organisms, to one degree or another, have an extremely wide spectrum of biological activity, due to the diversity of their chemical structure, and are currently in the center of scientific attention. In connection with the above, the search for antioxidants and the study of their inhibitory effect on the processes of free radical oxidation, uncontrolled lipid peroxidation, seems to be quite timely and in demand.

Experimental part. Based on this, within the framework of this work, the antiradical activity (ARA) of 4 samples of Al-myrtal, Ac-narmun, 3-tea, 4-tea with respect to the stable free radical DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was studied.

Materials and methods.

Materials.

4 samples

1. Asmirtol
2. Asnarmun
3. Asbakht
4. Asmirtop

DPPH method. To evaluate ARA in this work, we used the method of spectrophotometric measurement of the kinetics of the reduction of molecules of the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by antioxidants. The test compounds were dissolved in alcohol at a concentration of 1 mg/ml.

Recently, there has been increased interest in studying the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of various diseases. On the one hand, ROS are formed during natural physiological processes and are necessary for maintaining the body's immune system, cellular signaling, and hormone synthesis. On the other hand, oxidative stress caused by high concentrations of prooxidants can lead to damage to proteins, cell membranes, and nucleic acids. The most pronounced consequences of free-radical damage to cells in cardiovascular, bronchopulmonary and oncological diseases. The required level of ROS is maintained by the body's antioxidant system. However, in some cases, this system does not work, which leads to the emergence of a pathological process. Thus, the antiradical activity of some polysaccharides was studied in this work.

Since antioxidants can have different mechanisms of action, it is advisable to study their activity using various methods. In this work, the ARA of the samples was evaluated in relation to the free radical DPPH.

When the compounds under study are added to an alcoholic solution of DPPH, the transition of free-radical molecules to a non-radical form occurs, while the intensely violet solution of DPPH becomes colorless.

Results and its discussion. All samples were dissolved in water and ethyl alcohol in the amount of 10 mg/ml and used as the initial solution. 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 μL of the initial solution were added to 3 mL of DFPG solution (Diagram 1 and Diagram 2).

Diagram 1. A drawing of the solution of the obtained samples in alcohol

Diagram 2. A drawing of the solution of the obtained samples in water

Discussion of results. To evaluate ARA in this work, we used the method of spectrophotometric measurement of the kinetics of the reduction of molecules of the stable radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by antioxidants. The test compounds were dissolved in alcohol at a concentration of 1 mg/ml.

Conclusion. Chemical composition and natural medicinal, biological and nutritional properties of bitter and sweet watermelon, nutritional products and chemical composition of bitter and sweet watermelon, specific components of bitter and sweet watermelon and their use in folk medicine were widely analyzed. As a result, it was determined that it is appropriate to conduct research on the creation of food additives based on bitter and sweet watermelon seeds and peel.

2 types of capsules were obtained from sweet and bitter watermelon seeds. These are Asmirtol and Asnarmun capsules. their anti-radical properties were studied. It was 98% and 92% respectively.

2 types of tea were obtained from sweet and bitter watermelon peel and lemon peel. These are Asmirtop and Asbakht teas. their anti-radical properties were studied. It was 82% and 93% respectively.

The text is written from the point of view of the use of antioxidants and the field of human and animal physiology. Considering the use of samples as preservatives, a bias towards the desired goal is necessary.

References:

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