AEROBIOLOGICAL MONITORING AND ITS PROSPECTS

ABSTRACT

Currently, the provision of public health and early detection, diagnosis and prevention of allergic diseases are urgent issues, requiring the development of scientific and practical research and practical projects. In particular, a lot of work is being carried out on the organization of preventive measures for patients by means of constant monitoring of the allergenic potential of plants by the method of aerobiological and multiplex allergochip, prediction of seasonal changing allergens.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В настоящее время обеспечение здоровья населения и раннее выявление, диагностика и профилактика аллергических заболеваний являются актуальными вопросами и требуют разработки научно-практических исследований и практических проектов. В частности, ведется большая работа по организации профилактических мероприятий у больных путем постоянного мониторинга аллергенного потенциала растений методом аэробиологического и мультиплексного аллергочипа, прогнозирования сезонно меняющихся аллергенов.

Keywords: aerobiology, allergen, prevention, monitoring, pollen.

Ключевые слова: аэробиология, аллерген, профилактика, мониторинг, цветочная пыльца.

Effective scientific-practical and preventive work is being carried out to reduce existing ecological problems that destroy the population's health and gene pool. In this regard, complex measures have been developed to reform the healthcare system in our country.

In spite of the achievements of the positive results, serious problems and shortcomings remain in the field of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of allergic diseases unfavorably susceptible maladies. For example, the development of the fundamental and practical foundations of allergology, separated from practical medicine, is fundamentally new, to create an opportunity to widely introduce and apply updated methods of diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases at the molecular level, to provide sufficient attention to the practice, primary and secondary prevention of allergic diseases in local areas, and provision of specialized allergological assistance necessary measures should be taken [2, 4 p.].

In the field of aerobiology, fundamental and applied scientific research aimed at studying the systemic mechanisms and causes of the formation of allergic diseases is characterized by the creation of analytical and technological bases for the development of new methods of diagnosis and treatment. For example, a number of works to improve the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases are being carried out by the "Aerobiology" department of the International Molecular Allergology Center, as defined by the decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-3715 dated May 11, 2018 [2, 3 p.]. Also, in order to ensure this implementation, all 10 pollen traps were brought this year [2, 4 p.]. This year, flower dust traps were installed in Jizzakh, Samarkand, Bukhara, Navoi, Khorezm regions.

As a research goal, the following tasks have been determined in connection with the implementation of practical projects in connection with the above-mentioned works:

1. Installation of plant dust traps in 8 regions of the country based on the analysis of the distribution map of plant dust along the direction of the wind and monitoring their operation.
2. Preparation of special training manuals and conducting trainings in the field of plant dust monitoring.
3. Analysis of the composition of plant dust during the entire growing season (February-October) and assessment of the concentration of dust that is dispersed in the air and is a potential source of allergens.
4. Formation of a database and creation of an atlas and pollination calendar of plants on the territory of Uzbekistan based on it and regular updating (filling).
5. To determine the most informative ways to inform professionals and the public about the time of pollination of plants - potential sources of allergens.

Research method: based on observation and experimental aerobiology method paragraph 2 of Resolution No. 865 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated October 25, 2018 "On the establishment of the International Center for Molecular Allergology under the Ministry of Innovative Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan", is aimed at the determination of aerobiological monitoring of pollen of allergenic plants and forecast of pollination, informing the population about this in the future, creation of flowering calendar of allergenic plants is assigned at the implementation of such tasks. As a result of this task, a pollen calendar is developed every year.

For example, a map of the dynamics of the spread of 15 allergenic plant dusts was created based on the results of the research conducted in six months of 2021. (Fig. 1).

Figure 1. Pollen calendar of plants

Pollination of plants and their distribution are constantly monitored as a result of the observations made by the researchers of the center.

According to the results of the analysis, we can see that, there was a lot of pollen from the representatives of the Suprecaceae family, and in addition, with the beginning of the flowering period of the representatives of the Populus and Platanus families, the amount of pollen increased in February compared to January. From March onwards, we can see more pollen from Suprecaceae, Salix, Populus, Pinus, Quercus and Platanus families. In expansion, the activation of pollen from other families was also shown. In April and May, the flowering period of Plantago Pinus Poaceae and Ulmus and flowering plants increased. In 2019 and 2020, based on the data on the spread of flower pollen, a flowering calendar of plants was developed depending on the conditions of the pollen increase (Fig. 2).

Figure 2. Flowering calendar of plants

The calendar table for 2019-2020 was compiled based on the data of two dust traps located in the city of Tashkent, when the data of 2019 and 2020 were compared with each other, it was found that there were changes in the pollination of plants.

Also, it was observed that in the summer season Ambrosia plant pollen started from May, and in June this plant was in its peak flowering phase. It was found that representatives of the Poaceae family did not finish their flowering phase by August. In the summer season, representatives of the Shenopodium family bloom from June to August, and no significant changes were observed when the pollination of the Rumex plant was observed for 3 months. Based on their data, a flowering calendar of plants was developed depending on the conditions of dust growth (Fig. 3).

The data provided after September is incomplete because the dust traps installed for the city of Tashkent are not working for certain reasons. But the data obtained for the autumn season showed that only grass dust samples were available in the autumn season. Of woody plants, only dust samples of members of the Suprecaceae family have been identified.

Figure 3. Dust samples taken for the summer season

Currently, research work is being continued by the Aerobiology Department of the International Molecular Allergology Center. Such conclusions can be drawn based on the obtained results and the work planned for the future:

As a result of the implementation of the project, formation of a cluster of specialists engaged in the creation, maintenance and development of the plant dust aeromonitoring network and atlas;

- pollination-allergen sources of plants, observing the appearance of pollen of new plant species, as well as assessing their potential allergenicity;

- development of the most effective way to inform experts and residents about pollination times in the territory of Uzbekistan, including in the regional department.

Therefore, the data obtained from aerobiological studies serve as a programmatic and scientific methodical source for treatment-prophylaxis and diagnosis. This is an important factor for solving existing problems in the field.

References:

1. R. M. Khaitova, N. I. Il’in "Allergology and immunology". “Национальное руководство” Издательство: "ГЭОТАР-Медиа" (2013) p 128.
2. Decision No. PQ-3715 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 11, 2018. No. 0227, 21.04.2022, No. 06/22/113/0330)
3. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the development strategy of the new Uzbekistan for 2022-2026. No. 0227, 21.04.2022, No. 06/22/113/0330)
4. International Molecular Allergology Center "Department of Aerobiology" 2020-2021annual report.
5. https://translate.academic.ru/aerobiologiya/ru/
6. https://allergotop.com/allergoefir/kak-rodilsya-pyltsevoj-monitoring
7. https://allergotop.com/allergoefir