ENRICHMENT OF A BALANCED FEED COMPOSITION THROUGH THE RATIONAL USE OF FOOD INDUSTRY WASTE

ABSTRACT

This article presents formulated proposals for enriching the composition of animal feed through the rational use of food industry waste. To ensure the moisture content of the mixture of 8-10% during the enrichment and granulation of the mixture, instead of water, a biotechnologically processed bioproduct was added in an amount of 10%. According to the results of the study, it was found that the moisture content of the obtained feed sample is 19-21%, the number of granules (number of particles) that have passed through a sieve with a diameter of 2 mm is 21-25%. %.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье представлены сформулированные предложения по обогащению состава комбикормов за счет рационального использования отходов пищевой промышленности. Для обеспечения влажности смеси 8-10% при обогащении и гранулировании смеси вместо воды добавляли биотехнологически обработанный биопродукт в количестве 10%. По результатам исследования установлено, что влажность полученного образца комбикорма составляет 19-21%, количество гранул (количество частиц), прошедших через сито диаметром 2 мм, составляет 21-25%. %.

Keywords: bioproduct, compound feed, moisture, granules, balanced compound feed, microorganisms, soybean meal, cotton meal, content.

Ключевые слова: биопродукт, комбикорм, влага, гранулы, сбалансированный комбикорм, микроорганизмы, соевый шрот, хлопковый шрот, содержание.

Introduction. Decrees of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 29, 2020, No. PP-4576 “On additional measures of state support for the livestock industry” and dated March 03, 2021, No. PP-5017 “On additional measures for further state support of the livestock industry” define priority areas for the development of livestock breeding, implementation of innovative technologies in the industry, efficient use of available internal resources, sustainable provision of the consumer market with meat, milk, eggs and other livestock products, development of animal husbandry, several tasks have been outlined aimed at expanding the fodder base of poultry and fish farming, the widespread introduction of scientifically based methods and intensive technologies to increase the output of competitive products in the domestic and foreign markets [1-2].

One of the most pressing problems facing scientists and researchers in the field of animal husbandry, poultry farming and fisheries is to provide a complete diet with cheap, high-quality, protein-rich feed products. The low content of protein in the feed ration of livestock leads to a sharp decrease in the nutritional value of feed and causes great harm to the development of animal husbandry.

Materials and methods. To date, the use of bioproducts obtained by biotechnological processing of protein-containing and secondary products of the food industry in the production of balanced granulated animal feed is one of the most important areas of research for researchers [3]. Fusarium, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, Myzothecium and other types of microorganisms were studied at different times by scientists around the world to obtain protein-rich bioproducts by processing agricultural and food industry waste [4].

The authors proposed technology for the combined use of a non-hygroscopic, solid, stable structure with a lysine content of 35–48%, with the rational use of sludge released during fermentation in the production of lysine [5]. British researchers have developed a method for obtaining feed concentrate by treating Penicillum roquefortii whey, which is proposed to be treated with sodium nitrate in order to reduce the cost of the product to reduce the technological process [6].

Researchers isolated calcium ammonium lactate as a precipitate by treating concentrated whey with ammonia to produce a calcium-rich ruminant feed [7-8].

To do this, ammonium-calcium lactate is mixed with calcium sulfate and the resulting mixture is dried at room temperature in the air. A balanced supplement consists of premixes, depending on the intended use of the complete diet mix. Such additives in compound feed should be designed to meet the daily needs of livestock, as well as to replenish the nutrients that are deficient in the feed ration. Feeds enriched with balanced additives may include complete feeds with added protein, minerals and vitamins [9].

In the production of animal feed, cottonseed meal, wheat bran, corn, soybean meal, various biological additives using premixes may have a different composition depending on the type and area of application. Raw materials for feed for livestock, poultry and fisheries may be the same, but their mutual ratios will vary depending on the type and area of use. In the production of complete mixed feed, great attention should be paid to the amount of proteins, carbohydrates, fats and fibre in it. The proportion of substances in the raw materials used in the production of structurally balanced compound feed is given in Table 1 below [9-10].

The composition of raw materials shows that the high content of protein plays an important role in the production of compound feeds. As can be seen from the table, 36-40% of cottonseed meal is used in the production of compound feeds, 42% of soybean meal, 10-14% of rice bran, 13.2% of grape seeds, 3.2% of corn, protein content in rice bran 2.4%, 8.4% in wheat bran, 1.2% in cottonseed meal, 2.2% in soybean meal and 2.0% in grape seed meal. With extensive use of the raw materials listed in the table, it is possible to produce structurally balanced compound feeds by mixing them in different proportions. In addition to paying attention to the chemical composition of raw materials, it is necessary to pay attention to their cost [10-15].

Table 1.

Chemical composition of mixed feed raw materials

Studies have been conducted to change the proportion of crude protein in the composition of the compound feed by partially changing the composition of the compound feed raw materials used in the production of the traditional compound feed. For the study, 4 samples of mixed feeds with different content of raw materials were selected. Samples of selected mixed feeds are given in Table 2.

Table 2.

Samples of mixed feeds obtained for the experiment

As can be seen from the table, the share of wheat bran in Sample 1 was 20%, the share of the cotton meal was 50%, the share of cotton meal in Sample 2 was 35%, the share of biotechnologically processed bioproduct was 10%, the share of wheat bran we can see that the share has also increased by 10% compared to the first sample. The proportion of wheat bran obtained for the experiment was changed to 20 ... 50%, respectively, the proportion of cotton meal was reduced to 50 ... 20%, while the share of biotechnologically processed bioproduct was increased to 5 ... 10% [8-9].

When analysing the composition of the selected samples, it was found that different changes in the proportions of raw materials in the composition of the recipe affect the amount of crude protein in the composition of the mixed feed [15-20].

Granules were prepared from these samples. The main factor influencing the course of this process is the moisture content of the feed mixture before the granulation process. However, the moisture content of the mixed feed mixture is 17 ... 21%. The results of the study are presented in Table 3.

Table 3.

Influence of moisture of mixed fodder mixture on granulation process

Note: «+» - Granules are not formed, «-» - granules are not detected.

Granules were found to form when the moisture content of the feed mixture was 17% or higher. 19 ... 21% can be taken as the optimum humidity, while the number of particles with a diameter of less than 2 mm is 21 ... 25%. These data are obtained when the diameter of the formed granules is 5-7 mm and reflect the control work. In the main experiments, different amounts of yeast bioproduct were added to the feed mixture with a moisture content of 85-90% instead of moisture. The results of the study are presented in Table 4.

Table 4.

The effect of the amount of bioproduct on the granulation of a mixed feed mixture

If a biological product is used instead of water, the process of granulation of the feed mixture continues with a lower introduction of moisture, and the resulting granules contain fewer “particles”. Based on the data presented in the table, it was determined that adding 8 ... 10% of bioproduct to the feed mixture would be sufficient to granulate it. This mixture is 1% of the total dry matter of the feed mixture. 

Conclusion. In conclusion, when studying the effect of moisture content of the mixture on the granulation process and the effect of the amount of bioproduct on the process of granulation of the feed mixture, the moisture content of the mixture is 19-21% with a diameter of 2 mm. The number of granules (number of particles) passed through a sieve was 21-25%. This, in turn, will allow us to produce some conveniences and new types of compound feed products in the compound feed industry.

References:

1. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-4576 of January 29, 2020 "On additional measures of state support of the livestock sector".
2. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-5017 of March 3, 2021 "On additional measures for further state support of the livestock sector".
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