ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF THE FAMILY Halimocnemis C.A.Mey. AND Fabaceae Lindl. (Leguminosae Juss.)

ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ ВИДОВ СЕМЕЙСТВА Halimocnemis C.A.Mey. и Fabaceae Lindl. (Leguminosae Juss.)

Imomova Sh. Imomova D.

07.07.2025 161

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Imomova Sh., Imomova D. ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF SPECIES OF THE FAMILY Halimocnemis C.A.Mey. AND Fabaceae Lindl. (Leguminosae Juss.) // Universum: химия и биология : электрон. научн. журн. 2025. 7(133). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/nature/archive/item/20388 (дата обращения: 05.12.2025).

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DOI - 10.32743/UniChem.2025.133.7.20388

ABSTRACT

The article presents the natural geographical location of the Aydar-Arnasay lake system and its specific features. The formation and current state of the Aydar-Arnasay lake system, as well as the modern structure of its vegetation, are explained. In addition, the composition of plant families in the region is described, and ecological analyses of species belonging to the genera Halimocnemis C.A.Mey. and Fabaceae Lindl. (Leguminosae Juss.), which are distributed in the Aydar-Arnasay lake system, are provided, along with an assessment of their economic importance. Groups of species are thoroughly analyzed based on soil mechanical composition, salinity tolerance (salt content in the soil), soil moisture levels, and water requirements.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В статье представлено природно-географическое положение Айдар-Арнасайской системы озёр и её характерные особенности. Описаны формирование и современное состояние системы озёр Айдар-Арнасай, а также современная структура растительности. Кроме того, изложен состав растительных семейств региона и приведён экологический анализ видов, относящихся к родам Halimocnemis C.A.Mey. и Fabaceae Lindl. (Leguminosae Juss.), распространённых в системе озёр Айдар-Арнасай, а также дана оценка их хозяйственного значения. Группы видов подробно проанализированы в зависимости от механического состава почвы, устойчивости к засолению (содержанию солей в почве), уровня влажности почвы и потребности во влаге.

Keywords: Aydar-Arnasoy lake system, Amaranthaceae family, forecast, mechanical composition of the soil, amount of salt in the soil (salt resistance), dependence of soil moisture level, demand for water, fodder, medicine, weed.

Ключевые слова: Айдар-Арнасайская озерная система, Семейство Amaranthaceae, прогноз, механический состав почвы, количество соли в почве (солеустойчивость), зависимость от уровня влажности почвы, потребность в воде, кормовые растения, лекарственные растения, сорные растения.

Introduction. The Aydar-Arnasay basin is located between the largest mountain ranges and deserts of the Central Asian natural geographical region, that is, in the intermediate zone adjacent to the Kyzylkum desert of the mountainous and foothill regions of Western Turkestan. The basin has an arc-shaped appearance due to its location on a tectonic fault [7, p. 20 – 24].

The Aydar-Arnasay lake system is an anthropogenic lake that appeared because of anthropogenic influence on the hydrodynamics of the Chordara reservoir, and its current natural conditions have changed and become a unique natural biogeographical region. Its territory is in the desert part of the Navoi and Jizzakh regions [5, p 207].

The Aydar-Arnasay basin can be called a ‘natural laboratory’ that is rapidly developing under the mutual influence of desert, steppe, mountain-altitude regions, and a large water basin. The study, analysis, and prediction of the Aydar-Arnasay basin, which is the product of various influences and factors, and the changes in it, as well as the future development of the Aydar-Arnasay lake system, are of great scientific and practical importance [9, p 14-196].

Material and methods. The object of the study comprises species from the genera Halimocnemis C.A.Mey. (Belonging to the unique group within the family Amaranthaceae) and Fabaceae Lindl. (Leguminosae Juss.), which form the plant cover distributed throughout the Aydar-Arnasay lake system area.

The research was conducted between 2018 and 2024 within the territory of the Aydar-Arnasay lake system located in Uzbekistan. During the research, classical, geobotanical, and generally accepted methods were applied. These included the study of plant phenology following I.I. Beydeman (1969), ontogenetic studies on experimental plots based on T.A. Rabotnov (1983), investigation of underground plant parts according to S.G. Golovchenko (1971), as well as bio morphological and other comparative methods.

Results and Discussion

The Aydar-Arnasay lake system has its own unique features in terms of its natural geographical location [2, p 1194, 3, p 12-257].

These are:

1. The location of the lake system in the middle part of the Syrdarya basin, one of the largest rivers in Central Asia.

2. It covers a large part of the Kyzylkum desert, one of the largest deserts in Central Asia.

3. Its connection with the Mirzachul oasis.

4. Its connection with the Northern Nurota mountain ranges, the landscape features of which form a desert + lake + mountain triad.

The Aydar-Arnasay lake system is a desert ecosystem characterised by a rich and diverse flora and fauna, despite its difficult ecological conditions and arid and extremely hot climate. In the process of historical evolutionary development, many species (biodiversity) have adapted to these conditions.

As a result of scientific research, it became known that 45 families and 325 species of higher plants have been identified in the Aydar-Arnasay lake system, [1, p 6] the structure of which is as follows:

Analysis of the flora of the Aydar-Arnasay lake system by families

No. Families. Number of species. 325 species as a percentage of the total flora. No. Families. Number of species. 325 species as a percentage of the total flora (Tab. 1).

Table 1.

Analysis of the flora of the Aydar-Arnasay lake system by families

№	Families	Number of species	325 species as a percentage of the total flora	№	Families	Number of species	325 species as a percentage of the total flora
1	Amaranthaceae	67	20,6	24	Orobanchaceae	2	0,61
2	Poaceae	35	10,7	25	Apocynaceae	2	0,61
3	Asteraceae	30	9,2	26	Juncaceae	2	0,61
4	Brassicaceae	29	8,9	27	Alismataceae	2	0,61
5	Fabaceae	26	8,0	28	Mazaceae	1	0,30
6	Polyugonaseae	12	3,6	29	Portulacaceae	1	0,30
7	Ranunculaceae	10	3,0	30	Nitrariaceae	1	0,30
8	Euphorbiaceae	8	2,4	31	Ceratophyllaceae	1	0,30
9	Potamogetonaceae	8	2,4	32	Asparagaceae	1	0,30
10	Liliaceae	7	2,1	33	Amaryllidaceae	1	0,30
11	Caryophyllaceae	7	2,1	34	Ruppiaceae	1	0,30
12	Boraginaceae	6	1,8	35	Colchicaceae	1	0,30
13	Papaveraceae	6	1,8	36	Juncaginaceae	1	0,30
14	Convolvulaceae	6	1,8	37	H ydrocharitaceae	1	0,30
15	Cyuperaseae	6	1,8	38	Butomaceae	1	0,30
16	Tamaricaceae	6	1,8	39	Ephedraceae	1	0,30
17	Typhaceae	5	1,5	40	Salviniaceae	1	0,30
18	Solanaceae	5	1,5	41	Marsileaceae	1	0,30
19	Lamiaceae	4	1,2	42	Ixioliriaceae	1	0,30
20	Apiaceae	3	0,92	43	Zygophyllaceae	1	0,30
21	Araceae	3	0,92	44	Capparaceae	1	0,30
22	Frankeniaceae	3	0,92	45	Plumbaginaceae	1	0,30
23	Iridaceae	2	0,61

The study of the adaptation of plant species of the Aydar-Arnasay lake system to various ecological environments is of great theoretical and practical importance. As we know, any plant species adapts to its own soil environment during historical development and determines its growth environment within a certain range. [4, p . 200-278, 6 p 1-2021]. As a result of the conducted research and analysis of literary sources, it was determined that the plants distributed in the region consist of 325 species, and according to life forms, there are 3 species of trees (0.92%), 23 species of shrubs (7.09%), and 17 species of semi-shrubs (5.25%). 93 species of perennial herbs (28.7%) and 188 species of annual herbs (58.04%) [8, p 104].

The ecological groups of plant species distributed in the Aydar-Arnasay lake system are not described in detail in the available scientific sources. To determine the ecological group to which each species belongs, an in-depth analysis of the available scientific sources and materials collected during expeditions to nature was carried out. Ecological groups of plant species distributed in the region were determined, related to the mechanical structure, chemical composition, moisture, and water regime of the soil. As a result of the analysis, species of the families Halimocnemis C.A.Mey. and Fabaceae Lindl. (Leguminosae Juss.), widely distributed in the Aydar-Arnasay lake system, were divided into 3 ecological groups related to the mechanical structure of the soil, 4 related to the amount of salt in the soil (salt tolerance), 4 related to the level of soil moisture and 3 related to water requirements (Tab. 2).

Table 2.

Species of the families Halimocnemis C.A.Mey. and Fabaceae Lindl. (Leguminosae Juss.) distributed in the territory of the Aidar Arnasay lake system and their main ecological groups and economic importance

Т/ р	Dominant species	Main ecological groups
Т/ р	Dominant species	Depends on the mechanical composition of the soil	Depends on the amount of salt in the soil (salt tolerance).	Depends on the soil moisture level	Depends on water requirements	Economic importance
1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1	Halimocnemis mollissima Bunge	Halophyte	Euhalophyte	Hemixerophyte	Phreatophyte	fodder value
2	Halimocnemis villosa Kar. & Kir	Psammophyte	Haloglycophyte	Hemixerophyte	Phreatophyte	fodder value
3	Sophora lehmanni (Bunge) Yakovlev (Ammothamnus lehmanni Bunge)	Halophyte	Euhalophyte	Hemixerophyte	Phreatophyte	Poisonous, ornamental, Phytomeliorative, Nectariferous, Insecticidal.
4	Sophora pachycarpa C.A.Mey. (Vexibia pachycarpa (C.A. Mey.) Yakovlev)	Halophyte	Euhalophyte	Stipaxerophyte	Ombrophyte	Poisonous and invasive weeds.
5	Ammodendron conollyi Bunge ex Boiss.	Halophyte	Euhalophyte	Euxerophyte	Trichophyte	Dye-yielding, ornamental, technical crops, nectariferous
6	Ammodendron lehmannii Bunge ex Boiss.	Halophyte	Euhalophyte	Hemixerophyte	Phreatophyte	ornamental, phytomeliorative, nectariferous
7	Trigonella geminiflora Bunge	Halophyte	Euhalophyte	Stipaxerophyte	Trichophyte	fodder value
8	Trigonella grandiflora Bunge	Halophyte	Euhalophyte	Hemixerophyte	Phreatophyte	fodder value
9	Medicago lupulina L	Halophyte	Euhalophyte	Hemixerophyte	Phreatophyte	fodder value, nectariferous, weed.
10	Medicago minima (L.) L.	Halophyte	Haloglycophyte	Stipaxerophyte	Ombrophyte	fodder value, nectariferous, weed.
11	Medicago orbicularis (L.) Bartal.	Halophyte	Haloglycophyte	Euxerophyte	Ombrophyte	fodder value nectariferous, weed.
12	Medicago rigidula (L.) All.	Halophyte	Hyperhalophyte	Euxerophyte	Trichophyte	fodder value, nectariferous, weed.
13	Medicago sativa L.	Halophyte	Hemihalophyte	Euxerophyte	Ombrophyte	fodder value medicinal plant, nectariferous.
14	Melilotus albus Medik.	Halophyte	Hyperhalophyte	Euxerophyte	Trichophyte	fodder value medicinal plant,, nectariferous insecticidal.
15	Sphaerophysa salsula (Pall.) DC.	Halophyte	Hyperhalophyte	Euxerophyte	Trichophyte	Plants containing alkaloids, medicinal plant, fodder value.
16	Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss.	Halophyte	Hyperhalophyte	Euxerophyte	Trichophyte	Dye-yielding, fodder value, ornamental, phytomeliorative, nectariferous
17	Astragalus campylorrhynchus Fisch. & C.A. Mey	Halophyte	Euhalophyte	Hemixerophyte	Phreatophyte	fodder value
18	Astragalus commixtus Bunge	Halophyte	Euhalophyte	Hemixerophyte	Phreatophyte	fodder value
19	Astragalus filicaulis Fisch. & C.A. Mey.	Gypsophyte	Hemihalophyte	Euxerophyte	Trichophyte	fodder value
20	Astragalus flexus Fisch. –	Psammophyte	Haloglycophyte	Euxerophyte	Trichophyte	fodder value, nectariferous
21	Astragalus macrocladus Bunge	Psammophyte	Haloglycophyte	Euxerophyte	Trichophyte	fodder value, nectariferous
22	Astragalus orbiculatus Ledeb	Psammophyte	Haloglycophyte	Euxerophyte	Trichophyte	fodder value
23	Astragalus persipolitanus Boiss. (A. ammophilus Kar. & Kir.)	Psammophyte	Haloglycophyte	Euxerophyte	Trichophyte	fodder value
24	Astragalus turczaninovii Kar. & Kir.	Psammophyte	Haloglycophyte	Euxerophyte	Trichophyte	fodder value
25	Astragalus unifoliolatus Bunge	Psammophyte	Haloglycophyte	Euxerophyte	Trichophyte	fodder value, nectariferous
26	Alhagi canescens (Regel) B. Keller & Shap.	Halophyte	Hyperhalophyte	Euxerophyte	Trichophyte	fodder value medicinal plant, nectariferous.
27	Alhagi kirghisorum Schrenk	Halophyte	Euhalophyte	Hemixerophyte	Phreatophyte	fodder value medicinal plant, nectariferous.
28	Alhagi pseudalhagi (M. Bieb.) Desv. ex B. Keller & Shap.	Halophyte	Euhalophyte	Hemixerophyte	Phreatophyte	fodder value medicinal plant, nectariferous.

The plant species distributed in the territory of the Aydar–Arnasay lake system are considered important due to their unique significance. In particular, the current state of species belonging to the genera Halimocnemis C.A.Mey. and Fabaceae Lindl. (Leguminosae Juss.), as mentioned above, along with their ecological classification and economic importance, has made it possible to determine that these species possess valuable qualities such as being fodder (forage), ornamental, nectar-producing, and rare medicinal plants.

Analysis of plants by ecological groups depending on the mechanical composition of the soil showed that halophytes adapted to grow on saline soils and psammophytes adapted to grow on saline sandy soils include a wide range of species. The analyses proved that some species have a high degree of adaptability to environmental conditions. For example, species such as Halimocnemis mollissima Bunge., Halimocnemis villosa Kar. & Kir., Alhagi canescens (Regel) B. Keller & Shap., Alhagi kirghisorum Schrenk., Alhagi pseudalhagi (M. Bieb.) Desv. ex B. Keller & Shap., Astragalus commixtus Bunge., and Astragalus filicaulis Fisch. & C.A. Mey. are adapted to grow on saline soils and saline sands.

Analysis of plants by ecological groups depending on the mechanical composition of the soil showed that halophytes, adapted to grow on saline soils, and psammophytes, adapted to grow on saline sandy soils, contain a wide range of species.

The data presented are based on the results of the study, and the number of species may change because of environmental and anthropogenic influences.

In conclusion, representatives of the family Amaranthaceae, like those found in all desert flora, exhibit dominant characteristics in this region as well, demonstrating varied distribution across different ecological environments. It can be observed that species belonging to the genera Halimocnemis C.A.Mey. and Fabaceae Lindl. (Leguminosae Juss.) occupy a leading position in the regionʼs natural forage base.

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