SYNTHESIS AND IR-SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THERMOSTABLE SUBSTANCE BASED ON LIQUID GLASS AND SILICAGEL

ABSTRACT

The results of research on physical and IR spectral analysis of a heat-mstable substance obtained by modifying silica gel and liquid glass - The substance obtained by modifying liquid glass and silica gel was studied by physical and IR spectral methods. Modern methods of physicochemical analysis, as well as methods of product analysis corresponding to state (SST) and world (ASTM) standards were used for the research. When analyzing the IR-spectral result, the band of vibrations of the bound OH group of the spectrum is in the range of 3356 cm^-1;CH₃ group in the area between 2953 cm^-1;  -СО-СН₂-СН₂- СО- group in the area between 1713 sm^-1 ; RR’C=CH₂ group int area  1647 sm^-1  ;CH group in the area between 1410.7 sm^-1 ; Si-O-Si group in the area between 1036.52 sm^-1 were determined. It can be seen that the substance we synthesized contains theoretically expected functional groups.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Результаты исследований по физическому и ИК-спектральному анализу термостабильного вещества, полученного в результате модификации кремнезолья и жидкого стекла - Вещество, полученное модификацией жидкого стекла и кремнезолья, исследовано физическими и ИК-спектральными методами. Для исследований использовались современные методы физико-химического анализа, а также методы анализа продукции, соответствующие государственным (ГОСТ) и мировым (ASTM) стандартам. При анализе результата ИК-спектра были определены полосы колебаний связанной ОН-группы спектра в диапазоне 3356 см^-1; СН₃-группы в области между 2953см^-1; -СО-СН₂-СН₂-СО-группы в области между 1713 см^-1; RR’C=CH2-группы в области 1647 см^-1; СН-группы в области между 1410,7 см^-1; Si-O-Si-группы в области между 1036,52 см^-1. Видно, что синтезированное нами вещество содержит теоретически ожидаемые функциональные группы.

Keywords: IR spectroscopy, termo-resistant, liquid glass, silicagel, polymerization

Ключевые слова: ик-спектроскопия, термостойкость, жидкое стекло , кремнезоль, полимеризация

Introduction. In the world, the demand for effective inorganic and organic flame retardants and bulging fireproof polymer composite coatings is increasing day by day. Reducing fire safety through their wide use in the chemical industry, construction, mechanical engineering, oil and gas industry and other industries is one of the urgent problems. In addition to many useful aspects, the fire risk of materials treated with flame retardants is reduced several times. Therefore, it is important to develop oligomers that increase the fire resistance of combustible materials, create their optimal composition and improve the mechanism of action.

In the Republic of Uzbekistan, on the basis of innovative technologies, various chemical compositions consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, boron, metal and other substances have been created, and with the help of these flame retardants, certain scientific and practical results have been achieved in obtaining fire-resistant materials, especially based on new approaches. Important measures are being taken to create oligomeric flame retardants containing nitrogen, phosphorus, boron and metal. In the Strategy of Actions for the further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, important tasks aimed at ‘mastering the production of radically new types of products and technologies that ensure the competitiveness of national goods in the domestic and foreign markets’ are defined. In this regard, it is important to develop economically effective and environmentally friendly technologies for the production of oligomeric flame retardants containing nitrogen, phosphorus, boron and metal, as well as composites that increase the properties of heat stability. There are several main approaches to solving the problems of reducing the flammability and increasing the stability of polymer composite materials, including silica gel and liquid glass-based coatings. Rapid development is taking place in this field, which is aimed at the development of new types of flame retardants, i.e. fire extinguishers [1-5].

Comprehensive use of natural resources and industrial waste, introduction of the latest, modern technologies and production of new, competitive goods, deep processing and coordination of local raw materials and other issues are specifically mentioned in the development strategy of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2022-2026 [6-8].

In recent years, the chemical industry of Uzbekistan has changed radically - a complete reform has been carried out, the main goal of which is the production of high value-added products based on deep processing of local raw materials. In this direction, the production of new, import-substituting chemical products based on the processing of hydrocarbon raw materials in the republic is of particular importance1. The country’s leadership is paying great attention to the creation of new high-tech chemical industry facilities, such as the Shortan and Ustyurt gas chemical complexes. These gas chemical complexes allowed the Republic to take the leading positions in the production of polymer products in Central Asia [9-12].

In the world, in recent years, attention has been increasingly paid to wooden construction materials, agricultural fields and forestry. Protection of agricultural fields from fire remains one of the urgent issues. Because after the fire, the spread of the flame can be eliminated by any means, saving people’s lives and their property can be of great importance. One of such methods is the development of high-efficiency oligomeric flame retardants containing phosphorus, boron and metal that increase the fire resistance of combustible materials, as well as the creation of their optimal composition and improvement of the mechanisms of action [13-15].

In order to reduce the flammability of wooden construction materials, scientific research is being conducted in the world to study oligomeric fire retardants and develop production technologies. In this regard, the optimal composition and physico-chemical properties of oligomeric fire retardants containing phosphorus and boron, in order to prevent fires that occur in wooden construction materials, agricultural fields and forestry, among other things. Special attention is paid to researching the mechanism of action of modifying fire retardants with wood materials. Decree ‘The strategy of actions for the further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan’ [14-15].

In order to improve the fire-resistant properties of wooden construction materials, which are widely developing in our republic on the basis of modern technologies, to ensure timely neutralization of fires that occur in agricultural fields and forestry areas, economic and certain results are being achieved in obtaining ecologically effective oligomeric flame retardants and using them in the production of fire-resistant wooden construction materials. In the Strategy of Actions for the further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, important tasks aimed at ‘mastering the production of radically new types of products and technologies that ensure the competitiveness of national goods in the domestic and foreign markets’ are defined. In this regard, technologies for obtaining oligomers containing cremnesol and liquid glass using local raw materials have been developed. This is of great importance in increasing the fire resistance of wooden materials [3].

Improving the quality and stability of the material for all tools and equipment used for various industries in the polymer industry is one of the important directions. Taking this into account, it is important to create methods for the production of new materials based on polymer compounds with the specified properties. In particular, in order to improve the properties of urethane polymers and their effective use in the world, there is a need to scientifically substantiate the following problems: development of methods for the synthesis of urethane-containing oligomers, creation of new modified urethane systems based on oligourethanes and modifiers, development of polymer materials based on urethane binders release; development of compositions capable of purposefully changing the adhesive, anti-corrosion, thermal stability or other properties of urethanes. There are several types of substances that increase the thermostability property, one of them is substances obtained on the basis of silicic acids. In this article, the IR-spectral results of the product formed during polymerization were analyzed.

Research object and methods. As a research object, substances formed from the modification of liquid glass and cremnizol and samples of ethylene glycol were used. Modern methods of physico-chemical analysis, as well as methods of analyzing products corresponding to state (SST) and world (ASTM) standards, were used for research.

In a laboratory reactor, acrylic acid and ethylene glycol were mixed. We set the reactor to 80–90°C and heated the mixture for 2–3 hours while continuing to stir. During this time, acrylic acid and ethylene glycol reacted with each other to form a complex polyester. We constantly monitored the temperature. After the eterification was complete, we cooled the mixture to 60–70°C and added an initiator (potassium peroxosulfate) for polymerization. Then, we added pre-mixed colloidal silica. We heated the mixture to 70–80°C to activate the initiator. Mixing and heating were carried out at 70–80°C for 3–4 hours. In this process, the polyacrylate chains were crosslinked with the silica nanoparticles.[9-11]

After the reaction was completed, the mixture was cooled and the resulting nanocomposite was washed with a solvent (methanol). This step was performed to remove by-products and unformed monomers. The resulting mixture was filtered and washed several times.

The purified product was dried in a vacuum dryer at 50°C for 24 hours. This helps to eliminate residual solvents.

Research results. IR-spectral studies of the synthesized substance carried out in a spectrometer was (IRAffinity-1S SHIMADZU IQ-Furye). The results of the analysis are presented in Figure 1.

Figure 1. IR-spectroscopic analysis of the synthesized substance

When analyzing the IR-spectral result, the band of vibrations of the bound OH group of the spectrum is in the range of 3356 cm^-1; CH₃ group in the area between 2953 cm^-1; -СО-СН₂-СН₂- СО- group in the area between 1713 sm^-1; RR’C=CH₂ group int area 1647 sm^-1; CH group in the area between 1410.7 sm^-1; Si-O-Si group in the area between 1036.52 sm^-1 were determined. It can be seen that the substance we synthesized contains theoretically expected functional groups.

Conclusion.The IR-spectral analysis of our refractory material obtained from the modification of liquid glass and cremnesol was sufficiently analyzed. Comparing the results of the analysis with the information provided in the literature, it was found that the properties of our obtained substance are similar to the properties of antiprenes, which show the property of fire resistance. Also, the synthesized substance can be processed and used as a raw material in various fields of the chemical industry. The physical state, structure and chemical composition of the synthesized (oligo)polymers, crystallization temperature, gel formation time and chemical reagents were used to achieve the specified thermal and physical parameters of the refractory compositions. Development of fire protection mechanisms of wooden and inorganic building constructions using the created contents; effective fire-resistant coatings based on urethane were created, with the help of which methods of increasing the fire resistance of wooden and inorganic building structures and multi-level fire protection are developed. Application speed and high light stability have been found to be very effective in the floor sector where high application speed and high decorative properties are required.

References:

1. Hoang Thanh Hai. Development of flame- and heat-resistant nanomaterials based on unsaturated polyester resins containing nanoparticles of magnesium and zinc oxides // Dissertation for the degree of candidate of chemical sciences. Moscow 2019. – PP. 127.
2. Shaikulov B.K., Nurkulov F.N., Dzhalilov A.T., Study of physicochemical properties of opolymers synthesized on the basis of acrylic acid, ‘Development of Science and Technology Scientific and Technical Journal,’ 5/2022. – PP. 110-114.
3. Ogabi, R.; Manescau, B.; Chetehouna, K.; Gascoin, N. A Study of Thermal Degradation and Fire Behaviour of Polymer Composites and Their Gaseous Emission Assessment. Energies 2021, 14. – PP. 7070.
4. Xu, Y. Introductory Chapter: Flame Retardant and Thermally Insulating Polymers. In Flame Retardant and Thermally Insulating Polymers; Intech Open: Rijeka, Croatia, 2021; ISBN 978-1-83968-715-0.
5. Belych SA, Novoselova Yu.V. Development of the structure and the way of receiving a fireproof covering for wood based on silicate and sodium compositions. Systems. Methods. Technologies. 2015. – PP. 124–132.
6. Flame Retardant Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report by Product (Halogenated, Non-halogenated), By Application, By End Use, By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2020 – 2027. URL: https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/flame-retardant-market.
7. Tripolitsyn A.A. Development of a fire-retardant composition for creating a polymer coating of wood materials // Specialty: 05.17.06 -Technology and processing of polymers and composites. Dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences. St. Petersburg - 2015. – PP. 127.
8. Voevoda, S.S. Extinguishing fires of solid dispersed materials by impregnating them with water with a wetting agent / Makarov S.A., Sharovarnikov A.F. - Fire and explosion safety. - 2005. - No. 3. – PP. 78-80.
9. Akhmedov V.N., Niyozov L.N., Panoyev N.Sh., Vakhmudjonov S.M. Production and application of hydrophilizing polymer compositions // International journal of advanced research in science, Engineering and Technology, India, Vol. 5, Issue 11, November 2018. – PP. 7340-7345.
10. L.N.Niyazov., Panoev N.Sh., V.N.Axmedov., S.M Murodjonov., A.A Xaydarov. Hydrophilization of cement and ceramic products using water-soluble organosilicon compounds // Composition materials scientific and technical journal, 2019. No. 1. – PP. 106-109.
11. Panoyev N.Sh., Akhmedov V.N., Niyozov L.N., Eshonqulov A. Synthesis, properties and applications of antipyrines based on polymers // Fan va texnologiyalar taraqqiyoti. Ilmiy-texnikaviy jurnal, Buxoro, 2019 No. 5. – PP. 102-105.
12. Rafikov S. R., Budtov V. P., Monakov Yu. B. Introduction to the Physicochemistry of Polymers. Moscow: Nauka, 1978. – PP. 328.
13. Uddin, F. Montmorillonite: An introduction to properties and utilization. In Current Topics in the Utilization of Clay in Industrial and Medical Applications, Zoveidavianpoor, Moscow, Ed.; Intech Open: London, 2018. – PP. 4– 23.
14. Jha, A.; Garade, C.; Shirai, Moscow; Rode, C. Metal cation-exchanged montmorillonite clay as catalysts for hydroxy alkylation reaction. Appl. Clay Sci. 2013. – PP. 141– 146.
15. Yu. Galaev, ‘Smart Polymers in Biotechnology and Medicine,’ Usp. Chem., 64/5 (1995), 505–524; Russian Chem. Reviews, 64:5 (1995). – PP. 471–489.