FLAVONOIDS IN DRY EXTRACT OF Prunus persica (L.) Batsch (Persica vulgaris Mill.)

ABSTRACT

The results of the study of flavonoids in the dry extract of common peach leaves growing in the Republic of Karakalpakstan are presented in this work. The analysis of flavonoids in dry extract of common peach leaves was done by the method of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). As a result of analysis, quercetin (9,758 mg/g), kaempferol (1,533mg/g), isorhamnetin (1,512 mg/g), rutin (0,405 mg/g) were found from flavonoids in the content of dry extract of common peach leaves.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В работе представлены результаты исследования флавоноидов в сухом экстракте листьев персика обыкновенного, произрастающего в Республике Каракалпакстан. Анализ флавоноидов в сухом экстракте листьев персика обыкновенного проводили методом жидкостной хроматографии (ВЭЖХ). В результате анализа в сухом экстракте персика обыкновенного обнаружены кверцетин (9,758 мг/г), кемпферол (1533 мг/г), изорамнетин (1512 мг/г) и рутин (0,405 мг/г).

Keywords: common peach, dry extract, flavonoids, high-pressure liquid chromatography, quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, rutin.

Ключевые слова: персик обыкновенный, сухой экстракт, флавоноиды, жидкостная хроматография, кверцетин, кемпферол, изорамнетин, рутин.

Introduction. Nowadays, in the country, for the large scale-development of the pharmaceutical industry, great attention is being paid to expanding the assortment of the local market by producing effective drugs and biologically active supplements from useful and low-learned content of medicinal plant species. In this regard, common peach plant Prunus persica (L.), Batsch (Persica vulgaris Mill.) which has a wide effect, attracts the attention of scientists. Common peach leaves contain compounds such as flavonoids, amygdalin, C and B group vitamins, amino acids. Each of the biologically active compounds has unique beneficial properties. In particular, flavonoids possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and spasmolytic effects in medicine [1-3]. Currently, a dry extract is obtained from the leaves of common peach growing in the Republic of Karakalpakstan and the flavonoids contained in it are being analyzed.

Research objective. Analysis of flavonoids in dry extract from common peach leaves.

Materials and methods. Common peach leaves were collected in September 2023 in Kungrad district of the Republic of Karakalpakstan and became standard.  Dry extract was obtained by maceration method. The obtained dry extract is a dark brown hygroscopic powder with a unique smell.

Analysis of flavonoids in common peach dry extract was determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (Agilent Technologies (USA) 1260 series, “Chemstation 09.03.a”).

Chromatographic conditions and gradient mode are presented in first and second tables.

Table 1.

Chromatographic conditions

Table 2.

Gradient mode

The amount of flavonoids in the dry extract is calculated using the following formula:

S_{std -}  The area of ​​major peaks in the chromatogram of PCO rutin/ kaempferol solution and PCO quercetin/ isorhamnetin, mAU;

S_test-  The area of ​​the main peaks of total flavanoids in the chromatogram of the test sample, mAU;

а_std - PCO rutin/kaempferol and quercetin/isorhamnetin sample, g

P-  Contents of a standard sample, %. 

Preparation of solution. For this, 1000 mg of dry extract was placed in a 100 ml measuring flask, dissolved in 60 ml of 70% ethyl alcohol and brought to the volume mark of the solution with 70% ethyl alcohol [4]. The solution was mixed and stored in the dark. After 40 minutes, the solution was filtered on white tape filter paper. 

Preparations of standard solutions:

Preparation of standard solution of rutin. 0,0055 g of rutin was placed in a 10 ml pycnometer and dissolved in methanol, then made up to the mark with this solvent.  

Preparation of quercetin standard solution. 0,0054 g of quercetin (CFM 42 Uz-0031-96) was placed in a 10 ml pycnometer and dissolved in methanol, then the volume was made up to mark with this solvent.

Preparation of standard solution of kaempferol and isorhamnetin. About 5 mg (exact volume) of the standard samples of isorhamnetin and kaempferol were taken into a 100 ml volumetric flask, mixed, dissolved in methanol and the volume of the solution was brought up to the mark with the solvent.

SS: approximately 0,05 mg /ml kaempferol and isorhamnetin were obtained.

 Research results and their discussion. Chromatogram results of flavonoids in common peach dry extract are shown in figures 1-7.

Figure 1. Chromatogram of a standard sample of quercetin

Figure 2. Quercetin in dry extract of common peach

Figure 3. Chromatogram of a standard sample of rutin

Figure 4. Rutin in dry extract of common peach

Figure 5. Chromatogram of a standard sample of kaempferol

Figure 6. Chromatogram of a standard sample of isorhamnetin

Figure 7. Chromatogram of kaempferol and isorhamnetin in dry extract of common peach

As a result of the research, it was found that common peach dry extract contains quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and rutin (Table 3).

                          Table 3.

Flavanoids determined in dry leaf extract of Prunus persica (L.)  Batsch (Persica vulgaris Mill.)

The decreasing order of flavanoids in dry extract of common peach leaf is given below:

Quercetin > kaempferol > isorhamnetin > rutin

As can be seen from the results in Table 2, quercetin (9,758 mg/g) is the quantitatively dominant flavanoid in the tested dry extract. Considering that quercetin is effective in a number of diseases such as cancer and it has no side effects [5], it is possible to recommend this compound and medicinal plant  that preserves it as a promising source.

Conclusions.

1. The flavonoids contained in the dry extract of common peach leaves growing in the Republic of Karakalpakstan were analyzed by HPLC method.
2. Quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and rutin were found in the dry extract of common peach leaves. Quercetin (9,758 mg/g) was found to be the most abundant flavanoid in the examined dry extract.
3. The results of this research are recommended in the standardization of the tested dry extract.

References:

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