MEDICINAL Schizophyllum commune Fr. THE FIRST REPORT OF THE FUNGUS WHICH IS DISTRIBUTED IN THE TERRITORY OF UZBEKISTAN

ABSTRACT

In this article, Schizophyllum sommunas Fr. It is reported that it was found in Prunus domestica L. and Populus alba L. plant species in the territory of Uzbekistan. This mushroom has a great innovative potential, information is given on the possibility of using it as a producer of biologically active food additive and creating a production technology in the conditions of Uzbekistan.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В этой статье Schizophyllum sommunas Fr. Сообщается, что он обнаружен у видов растений Prunus domestica L. и Populus alba L. на территории Узбекистана. Этот гриб обладает большим инновационным потенциалом, дана информация о возможности его использования в качестве продуцента биологически активной добавки к пище и создания технологии производства в условиях Узбекистана.

Keywords: Macromycetes, Schizophyllum commune, fungi, mycelium.

Ключевые слова: Макромицеты, Schizophyllum commune, грибы, мицелий.

Most species of macromycetes usually grow in soil and tree trunks and are widely distributed in nature and have been used as food in many countries to meet their protein needs. According to information, it has been found that Schizophyllum commune mushroom is rich in vitamins A, V, C, D (Alam et al., 2007) [1], and contains more protein than food products (Qin, 1989).

In China, Schizophyllum commune Fr. the fungus has been used as a «functional food» for healthy nutrition and in the treatment of human diseases (Chang, 1999).

In the Arctic, Schizophyllum commune Fr. fungus is considered to be a fungus that increases immunity against diseases. It is also used to treat breast cancer and various gynecological diseases (Wasser S.P., 2011. Perevedentseva L.G., 2015)

Currently, about 400 species of macromycetes grow in Uzbekistan. Among them, medicinal, wood-destroying, poisonous and valuable edible species are widely used by the population. A small number of studies on the study of macromycetes have been conducted in the republic (Panfilova T.S., et al. 1963., Khalikova M.M. 1989, Iminova M.M. 2009). These studies are mainly devoted to studying the floristic composition and ecological characteristics of macromycetes in the studied areas. Until now, in Uzbekistan, not enough attention has been paid to the study of the practical value of medicinal mushrooms.

Materials and methods. The material for this article was herbarium specimens collected during mycological research from different regions of the republic. Route and photographic research methods were used in the work process. The collected samples were prepared by air drying. To identify this fungus, B-382PHiALC DC6V1000 mA digital microscope was used. Identification of species was carried out with the help of modern identifiers and monographs [3], (Panfilova T.S., 1963). The name of the fungus was implemented based on the database of international modern nomenclature http://www.indexfungorum.org. The location map of this fungus was created using ArcGIS.

It is noted that the fungus occurred in March and May. Fruiting bodies have been found to occur singly, scattered, or overlapping on decaying hardwoods. Under the fruit cap of the mushroom there are gill folds

Fungal mycelium develops in wood tissue. The surface of the fruit body is hairy, kidney-shaped, pointed, thin, elastic body. It is attached to the substrate with its side. The length of its caps is 1-3.5 cm, located individually or in groups (Fig. 1). Spores are colorless, cylindrical 4-8 x1.5-2.5 µm (Fig. 2).

Figure 1. The length of its caps, located individually or in groups

Figure 2. The structure of spores

Currently, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant, immune system strengthening drugs are being produced from Schizophyllum commune fungus. In Japan, Sonifilan (sonifilan), Schizofillan (schizofilan) and SPG drugs are obtained from the culture fluid of this mushroom, which are used in the treatment of various oncological diseases (Bisko N.A et al., 2017).

Figure 3. Areas found in Uzbekistan

The location of this mushroom in Uzbekistan is in Shahrikhan city, Andijan region, N40.72420501, E72.04545897, Jizzakh region, Nurota ridge, Nurota reserve, N40.51787, E66.75070; Zomin National Nature Park, N39.738386, E68.434676; Kashkadarya region, Yakkabog district, N38.887642, E66.784704 and Kashkadarya region, Shahrisabz city, Sinabog neighborhood N39.090476 E66.819278 (Fig. 3).

For the first time in Uzbekistan, Schizophyllum commune Fr. The fungus was found in the growing stem of Prunus domestica L. And in the dried trunk of Populus alba L.

Thus, it should be noted that Schizophyllum is more common in the territory of the republic. This mushroom has great innovative potential, it is possible to use it as a producer of biologically active food additive and to create production technology in the conditions of Uzbekistan.

References:

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