ETIOPATHOGENETIC MECHANISMS OF ENDOCRINE SYSTEM DISEASES, RELEVANCE AND MORBIDITY INDICATORS OF THE POPULATION OF FERGANA CITY

ABSTRACT

The article under discussion depicts the etiopathogenetic mechanisms of endocrine system diseases, the relevance and morbidity rates of the population of Fergana city. Analysis of the study demonstrates clear age differences in growth trends, with endemic goiter having the highest annual increase in the age structure of the adult population and especially in women, the same growth dynamics are observed in diabetes mellitus and obesity. The character of prevalence and course of the disease, frequency of detected cases depend on the level and quality of endocrinological care at places, timely active detection of patients and complications, provision of medicines in sufficient quantity, correct organization of dispensary supervision and treatment measures.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Данная статья рассматривает этиопатогенетические механизмы заболеваний эндокринной системы, актуальность и показатели заболеваемости населения города Ферганы. Анализы исследования демонстрируют чёткие возрастные различия в тенденциях роста, при эндемическом зобе наибольший ежегодный прирост в возрастной структуре взрослого населения и особенно у женщин, такая же динамика прироста наблюдается и при сахарном диабете и при ожирении. Частота выявленных больных зависят от уровня и качества оказания эндокринологической помощи на местах, своевременного активного выявления больных и осложнений, обеспечения в достаточном количестве препаратами, правильной организации диспансерного наблюдения и лечебных мероприятий.

Keywords: endocrine system, hormones, chemicals, paracrine effect, autocrine effect, receptor, source, activity, brain, nervous system, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, organism.

Ключевые слова: эндокринная система, гормоны, химические вещества, паракринный эффект, аутокринный эффект, рецептор, источник, деятельность, головной мозг, нервная система, сердечно-сосудистая система, желудочно-кишечный тракт, организм.

Introduction

The endocrine system coordinates the functions of various organs by means of hormones, which are chemical substances that are excreted into the bloodstream from specialized cells located inside the endocrine glands (internal secretion). While in the blood, hormones affect the function of target tissues, which can be either another endocrine gland or a receptor. Some hormones act on the cells of the same organ that is their source (paracrine effect) and sometimes even on the cells that produce them (autocrine effect). Disorders of the endocrine system result from disorders of the endocrine glands and/or their target tissues [1].

Purpose of the Study

To study disorders of the endocrine system.

Materials and methods of research

Analysis of statistical indicators of endocrine system diseases obtained from the reporting statistics of Fergana city.

Results of the study

The share of patients with endocrine system pathology is constantly increasing in all economically developed countries of the world. The leading place in the structure of all endocrine diseases according to the statistics of morbidity of the population of Fergana city is occupied by endemic goiter, the second place is occupied by diabetes mellitus (DM), the third one is obesity. Thyroid gland produces thyroid hormones - thyroxine and triiodothyronine, which, released into the blood, affect all cells and tissues of the body, regulate the rate of various metabolic processes [5]. These hormones are responsible for many vital functions: they regulate the activity of the brain, nervous and cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, affect reproductive function, mammary and genital glands and many others.

Iodine deficiency thyroid disease - thyroid pathology that develops as a result of iodine deficiency in the body [3]. Signs of iodine deficiency may include an increase in the size of the thyroid gland, difficulty in swallowing, memory impairment, weakness, chronic fatigue, dry skin, brittle nails, weight gain. Iodine is an essential micronutrient for the functioning of the body [4]. In a healthy person, 70-80% of iodine accumulates in the thyroid gland and serves as a necessary component for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Periods of increased need of iodine for the body are puberty, pregnancy and breastfeeding. Iodine deficiency in the environment (in soil, water, food) and, therefore, its insufficient natural intake into the body causes a complex chain of compensatory processes to maintain normal synthesis of thyroid hormone secretion. Also the number of patients with diabetes is constantly increasing due to the increasing number and age of the population, urbanization of the territory, the increasing prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyle.

Based on the study, the following age structure of endocrine system diseases is determined:

1) with endemic goiter on "D" record among children of 0-14 years old - 146, first detected - 60; teenagers of 15-17 years old - 203, first detected - 98; adults -1432, first detected - 630; 18-19 years old - 312, first detected - 79; 65 years and older - 184; women - 789, first detected - 379;

2) with diabetes mellitus on "D" registry among children of 0-14 years old -1, including initially detected - 1; teenagers of 15-17 years old – 1; adults - 615, primary detected - 175; 18-19 years old - 36, primary detected - 5; 65 years old and over - 98; women - 416, primary detected - 164;

3) with obesity on "D" registry among children of 0-14 years old - 4, initially detected - 4; teenagers of 15-17 years old - 4; adults - 134, initially detected - 5; 18-19 years old - 60, initially detected - 3; women - 112, initially detected – 5.

Conclusion

From the given data there are clear age differences in growth trends, with endemic goiter the greatest annual increase in the age structure of the adult population and especially in women, the same growth dynamics is observed in diabetes mellitus and obesity.

Thus we can conclude that women especially of reproductive age in connection with pregnancy and childbirth, as well as hormonal changes after childbirth have the greatest need to support the maintenance of normal hormonal balance and replacement enrichment of the body with microelements necessary for normal activity of the endocrine glands.

In addition to state programs providing additives such as iodine in food, programs for the promotion of healthy lifestyles and the provision of certain types of medicines through humanitarian aid (iron drugs for patients with anemia or insulin for patients with diabetes and other types of medicines) additional provision of drugs containing vitamin complexes, which unfortunately are not currently available to every woman, taking into account their high cost in the pharmacy and the need for prolonged use over several months.

Besides the character of prevalence and course of the disease, frequency of detected cases depend on the level and quality of endocrinological care at places, timely active detection of patients and complications, provision of medicines in sufficient quantity, correct organization of dispensary supervision and treatment measures.

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