LOW EFFICIENCY IN THE TREATMENT OF LIQUID WASTE FROM THE KUNGRAD SODA PLANT WITH ION EXCHANGERS

ABSTRACT

 We know that today the processing of industrial waste and its conversion into finished products is one of the most important tasks for modern chemists. In the article the low efficiency of distillation liquid purification with ion exchangers listed. In this case, the distillate fluid underwent ion exchange chromatography in KU-2 and a scientific conclusion was reached.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Мы знаем, что на сегодняшний день переработка промышленных отходов и превращение их в готовую продукцию является одной из важнейших задач для современных химиков. В статье отмечена низкая эффективность очистки дистиллерной жидкости ионитами. При этом дистиллерную жидкость подвергали ионообменной хроматографии на КУ-2 и делали научный вывод.

Keywords: Soda ash, liquid distiller, ion exchangers, eluate, Solve method, KU-2, centrifugate.

Ключевые слова: Кальцинированная сода, дистиллерная жидкость, иониты, элуат, метод Солве, КУ-2, центрифугат.

Introduction

Soda ash is one of the most important products of the chemical industry, which is used in the production of glass, the chemical industry, the metallurgical industry, the pulp and paper industry and other industries. The main producers of soda ash are China, USA, Turkey, India, which account for more than 85% of world production. [1]  At present, the industry uses the Solvay method to produce soda ash. [2] The raw materials needed to produce soda by the Solve method are inexpensive, widely available, and easily procured. The reactions are carried out at low temperatures and close to atmospheric pressure. The method is well studied, technological processes are debugged and stable. The resulting soda ash is of high quality at a relatively low cost. Having a number of major advantages, the production of soda ash by the ammonia method has serious disadvantages. This is a significant consumption of energy resources, and large specific capital investment required to create production. But the main disadvantage of the Solvay method is the formation of a large amount of liquid waste, the so-called distillation liquid, which indicates an insufficiently efficient use of the original natural raw materials. Approximately 9–10 m3 of still liquid is used per 1 ton of soda ash produced [3].

At present, the problem of waste disposal from the production of soda ash using the Solve method is quite acute in all countries that produce soda using this method. The technologies used for the processing, disposal and use of distillate liquid only partially solve the problem, due to the large amount of waste generated. Wastes from soda production, sludge and distillery liquid are stored in special storage tanks, which are called "white seas". As a result, waste is mainly accumulated in sludge ponds (settlement ponds) and (or) discharged into water bodies located near existing production facilities. The accumulation of distiller liquid in the sludge reservoirs gives rise to the problem of absorbing new land plots for sections of the sludge reservoir, not only with an increase in production capacity, but even to maintain existing loads. Consequently, the construction of settling ponds is a palliative measure and cannot solve the current environmental problem. Discharge of the distillery liquid leads to the inevitable mineralization of natural reservoirs, a significant change in the biological picture of the reservoir. As a result, water pollution can have a direct or indirect impact on a person, damage the interests of industrial water supply. The main task of improving the environmental safety of the production of soda ash is the development of a new method for the disposal of distiller's liquid.

Kalinina E.V., Rudakova L.V. studied the properties of sludge from soda production proposed dehydration of the initial distiller liquid by settling, filtering and centrifuging methods [4].

Kurbangaleeva L. R., Daminev R. R. investigated the extraction of chloride ions with a strongly basic anion exchanger AV-17-8 from the clarified part of the still liquid [5]. Thus, the scientific and technical task of utilizing the main waste from the production of soda ash with increasing production volumes is very relevant.

Objective and methods

For the study, we used IR-Fourier spectrometer Japan, Shimadzu “IRAffinity-1”, a high-performance, energy-dispersive, X-ray, fluorescent spectrometer - Japan, Rigaku NEX CG EDXRF and distilled liquid from the Kungrad soda plant. To purify the distillery liquid, the method of ion-exchange chromatography using the KU-2 ion exchanger was used.

Results

Table 1.

Qualitative analysis of distiller liquid

It is filled into the bracket with swollen KU-2 cation exchanger. At the beginning of work, the eluate medium flowing from the column filled with swollen KU-2 cation exchanger is checked. After making sure that the eluate is neutral, add 10 cm3 of an aliquot volume of distiller liquid to the column with ion exchanger. The elution rate is adjusted with a screw clamp in the column closure and the rate is set to a drop per second. The eluate is collected in a flask. After ion-exchange chromatography, the distiller liquid was studied spectra by IR spectral analysis and elemental analysis.

А

В

Figure 1. Elemental analysis: A-centrifugate of distiller liquid (before purification); B-distiller liquid after ion exchange chromatography (after purification)

Table 2.

Elemental analysis of the distiller liquid

Conclusion

When cleaning the distiller liquid of the soda ash plant with the KU-2 cation exchanger, the cation exchanger is rapidly saturated due to the high content of Ca ^{+ 2} ions. For this reason, the cation exchanger was regenerated several times. When cleaning the waste liquid, it had a hardness of 12, and before cleaning - 15. It was concluded that the purification of the distiller liquid of the Kungrat soda plant with the KU-2 cation exchanger does not give good results. The reason is that the economic efficiency deteriorates due to the rapid decay of the cation exchanger. The liquid waste of the Kungrat soda plant must be converted into the desired product by chemical treatment in another way.

References:

1. United States Department of the Interior U.S. Geological survey. 2014 Minerals Yearbook. Soda Ash [Advance Release]. By Wallace P. Bolen. November 2015. P. 70.1-70.9.
2. Conference materials «WORLD SODA   ASH»: Tez. report– Riviera: 2007.– 272 p.
3. Tkach G. A., Shaporev V. P., Titov V. M. //Production of soda using low-waste technology.–Kharkov: XGPU, 1998.– 429 p.
4. Kalinina E.V., Rudakova L.V. Reducing the toxic properties of soda production sludge with their subsequent disposal / Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University. Engineering of georesources. 2018. Т. 329. № 6. 85–96.
5. L. R. Kurbangaleeva, R. R. Daminev Use of ion-exchange resins in the demineralization of liquid waste from the production of soda ash / Bulletin of the Bashkir University. 2010. V. 15. No. 4 1150-1152 pp.