PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF CLASSIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION OF COTTONSEED OIL FRACTIONS ON THE NOMENCLATURE OF GOODS OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN TERMS OF CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

ABSTRACT

This article presents the results of research on the classification and coding of cottonseed oil fractions based on the share of the main substance in the technical gossypol in the nomenclature of goods of foreign economic activity on the chemical composition. As a result of the research, the proposals based on the share of the main substance in the technical gossypol serve to eliminate some uncertainties in export-import operations.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье представлены результаты исследований по классификации и кодированию фракций хлопкового масла по доле основного вещества технического госсипола в номенклатуре товаров внешнеэкономической деятельности по химическому составу. В результате исследования предложения, основанные на доле основного вещества в техническом госсиполе, служат для устранения некоторых неопределенностей в экспортно-импортных операциях.

Ключевые слова: госсипол технический, хлопковое масло, хлопчатник, госсипол мешок, фенольный состав, шрот, товарная номенклатура внешнеэкономической деятельности (ТН ВЭД).

Keywords: technical gossypol, cottonseed oil, gossypol bag, phenolic compound, shrot, Nomenclature of goods of foreign economic activity (NG FEA).

Introduction. Commodity chemistry is young, fast-growing chemistry. It can be said that this science is used in the implementation of scientific innovations in the field of chemistry in practice, production and various sectors of the economy, in the accurate and rapid implementation of import-export processes, assigning code numbers to exist and new goods according to their chemical composition plays a key role in protecting the health of the population [1]. According to the State Customs Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as a result of the introduction of the science of commodity chemistry in customs practice, in 2010-2018, the state earned a total of more than 100 billion UZS [2-3]. According to the letter of the Presidium of the Higher Attestation Commission under the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 01-84/0917 of July 9, 1997, the Committee of Science and Technology of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated July 15, 1997 No. 14 In the "Nomenclature of specialities of researchers" is included in the "Classification and certification of goods based on the chemical composition" -02.00.22.

This subject was first proposed in 1997 by the Uzbek chemist, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor I.R. Askarov and Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor T.T. Riskiev [4]. In this speciality, it is planned to conduct economic research, as well as chemical, technological research, such as the study of the composition, production, origin, structure, organoleptic and physicochemical parameters of substances in connection with the classification and certification of goods according to NG FEA [5].

02.00.22 - Specialization "Classification and certification of goods based on chemical composition" studies the problems of assigning code numbers and issuing certificates in the international NG FEA based on chemical composition, chemical and physical and other properties of goods [4].

Materials and methods. Foreign economic activity Commodity nomenclature Plant or animal fats and oils and decomposition products; ready-made edible oils; Development of international code numbers for commodity items called unrefined and refined sunflower, safflower and cottonseed oils and their fractions with unchanged chemical composition 1512 in group 3 of section 15 called a plant or animal waxes and researching their certification remains one [6].

We know that the gossypol substance in cotton seeds is present in the cells in the form of small granules in the form of a bag (jelly). During the technological processes of vegetable oil production, the cell walls are destroyed as much as possible, for which purpose the cotton seed is subjected to a series of processes such as biting-separation-crushing-moisture heat treatment-roasting-pressing.

Figure 1. The appearance of seed kernels in shears

The appearance of the cottonseed core in the shears is shown in Figure 1. Due to the high strength of the seed cell walls, the cell walls gradually break down as a result of the sequence of processes, the maximum destruction of the cell walls and the transition of the gossypol substance from the free state to the bound state are mainly carried out in moisture heat treatment (inactivator) and roasting processes [8].

Today, there are more than 100 state-registered varieties of cotton seeds in the country. Scientific research on the creation of new varieties in the selection of cotton focuses on increasing the yield of fibre and improving the quality of fibre in accordance with international standards. In Central Asia, especially in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan, mainly two types of cotton are grown: medium (American) and fine (Egyptian). Technical cotton seeds extracted from such raw cotton are the main raw materials of the oil industry. At the same time, the chemical composition of these raw materials differs from each other, the fat content, the amount of gossypol and the fatty acid content of the oil depends on the area under cultivation of raw cotton, agrotechnical measures [8]. The following table shows the composition of some varieties of cotton seeds.

Table 1.

Composition of cotton seed varieties

Under the supervision of Professor I.R. Askarov, N.Kh. has an academic degree [9]. Although gossypol is a toxic substance, the production of gossypol-based targeted drugs in pharmaceuticals is increasing year by year. Their use allows to increase the effectiveness of treatment, increase the target effect of substances and produce the necessary drugs for diseases that are difficult to treat. Cotton is one of the most important oilseeds among oilseeds. Academician A.S. Sadykov described raw cotton as a "miracle plant". A number of researches have been carried out by world scientists in the field of cotton selection. Such cotton varieties are reported to be susceptible to disease and have low yields [11].

Gossypol is a natural polyphenol compound with a molar mass of 518.563 g/mol, which is highly soluble in water-insoluble organic solvents (methanol, ethanol, acetone, etc.) and oil, has high chemical activity, exhibits toxicity. The chemical systematic nomenclature of gossypol is called 1,7,8-tri-oxy-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-9-naphthaldehyde [12].

Figure 2. The chemical formula of gossypol

Gossypol in its free form demonstrates the ability to protect the cotton plant from various pests and diseases. Due to the fact that gossypol is a natural polyphenol compound with high biological activity, drugs in the form of ointments and tablets such as Megosin, Batriden, Gozalidon, Ragosin, Kagotsel are being developed for the treatment of diseases that are difficult to treat [13].

A number of studies have been conducted on the production of high-gossypol cottonseed oil with a high content of native gossypol in the composition of raw gossypol, which is a raw material for the separation of gossypol as a separate commodity by converting gossypol in cottonseed oil to retain its effectiveness [14-20]. Gossypol in cottonseed oil is a toxic substance that poisons nerve fibres and blood. Processed products from cottonseed: the colour of gossypol in oil, kunjara and shrot varies depending on the toxicity. In the processing of cotton seeds, the gossypol in the core is transferred from the native state to the bound state, thereby reducing its toxicity. The Nomenclature of Goods, developed in 2017 in cooperation with the Ministry of Foreign Trade of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the State Customs Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, consists of 21 sections and 97 groups. In the developed nomenclature of goods 1512- international code numbers for commodity items called refined and refined sunflower, safflower and cottonseed oils and their fractions, the chemical composition of which has not changed. The developed code numbers are marked with the position 151221 - crude oil, purified or unrefined from the gossypol. Including the code number for cottonseed oil intended for technical or industrial purposes with the position 151221100 0.

In addition, other types of fractions of cottonseed with the position 151221900 0 are given code numbers [7]. The study of the code numbers assigned to cottonseed oil and its fractions according to NG FEA is important for the classification and certification of goods by chemical composition in export-import operations. Our research consisted of the development of a proposal to assign code numbers to each of them based on the amount of gossypol it contains, based on the purpose of using the gossypol refined or unrefined crude oils.

In addition, in addition to the code numbers 151229900 0 -others assigned to the fractions of cottonseed oil to accept technical gossypol isolated from cottonseed oil as a separate commodity and carrying out export-import operations for the production of pharmacopoeial gossypol for the production of certain types of drugs based on its proposals were made to assign separate code numbers specifically for gossypol. In the formation of code numbers, the degree of purity of the technical gossypol was selected as the main criterion. In particular, the table below shows the proposals based on the degree of purity, ie the proportion of the main substance in the composition.

Table 2.

NG FEA recommendations on the degree of purity of technical gossypol

As can be seen from Table 2, as the share of gossypol, the main ingredient in technical gossypol, increases, the code numbers of gossypol, the fraction of cottonseed oil in the export-import operations on NG FEA, change accordingly. When the share of gossypol in the technical gossypol is 80-84%, code number 151229900 1 is given, and when the share of gossypol is 95-98%, the code number is 151229900 5. Also, depending on the share of gossypol in the technical gossypol, the state duty paid on the goods will change.

Conclusion. In conclusion, the regulation of the code numbers assigned to NG FEA for cottonseed oil and its fractions, the development of individual code numbers for each fraction of cottonseed oil will provide practical assistance in highlighting some uncertainties in export-import operations.

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