AS-XAYOT TEA: PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH AND CLINICAL TRIAL RESULT

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the chemical composition and clinical efficacy of the herbal tea "AS-XAYOT," composed of Styphnolobium japonicum and Amaranthus lera plants. Through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), compounds such as quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, linoleic acid, and thymoquinone were identified. The main minerals in the tea included potassium, silicon, calcium, and magnesium. Positive changes were observed in microcirculation, immune status, and digestive symptoms in all participants. These results highlight the potential of AS-XAYOT tea as a natural remedy that improves cardiovascular health, stimulates bile secretion, supports the immune system, and enhances gastrointestinal function.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данном исследовании оценены химический состав и клиническая эффективность растительного чая "AS-XAYOT", состоящего из растений Styphnolobium japonicum и Amaranthus lera. С помощью газовой хроматографии–масс-спектрометрии (GC-MS) были идентифицированы вещества, такие как кверцетин, рутин, кемпферол, линолевая кислота и тимохинон. Основными минералами в составе чая являются калий, кремний, кальций и магний. У всех участников были зафиксированы положительные изменения в микроциркуляции, иммунном статусе и пищеварительных симптомах. Эти результаты свидетельствуют о потенциале чая AS-XAYOT как натурального средства, улучшающего сердечно-сосудистую систему, стимулирующего желчеотделение, поддерживающего иммунную систему и улучшает функции пищеварения.

Keywords: Phytotherapy, AS-XAYOT tea, Styphnolobium japonicum, Amaranthus lera, GC-MS, clinical trial.

Ключевые слова: Фитотерапия, чай AS-XAYOT, Styphnolobium japonicum, Amaranthus lera, GC-MS, клиническое испытание.

Introduction

Herbal preparations have long been a cornerstone of traditional medicine worldwide. These natural remedies remain essential in many healthcare systems, particularly where access to modern medicine is limited. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 80% of the global population relies on botanical remedies as a primary form of healthcare, underscoring the vital role plants play in promoting well-being.

Central Asia, including Uzbekistan, has a deep-rooted history of herbal medicine. The region’s ethnopharmacological practices are rich and culturally significant, yet many medicinal plants remain scientifically underexplored. Scientific validation of these remedies is essential for discovering effective treatments for modern health conditions.

This study focuses on two botanicals commonly used in Uzbek folk medicine—Styphnolobium japonicum and Amaranthus lera. These plants are gaining recognition in pharmacology due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic properties. Styphnolobium japonicum is noted for its cardiovascular benefits, while Amaranthus lera contributes to digestive and anti-inflammatory effects.

The aim of this research is to bridge traditional knowledge with modern science by evaluating the phytochemical composition, mineral profile, and clinical efficacy of AS-XAYOT herbal tea formulated from these two plants. This investigation contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting herbal medicine as a valuable component of healthcare.[1, p. 3,4]

Materials and methods  The plant materials used in this study included flower buds of Styphnolobium japonicum (S. japonica), leaves of Amaranthus Lera , seeds of Nigella sativa (N. sativa), and fruits of Ficus carica (F. carica). These plants were collected from the Namangan region, Uzbekistan, in July 2024. The plant specimens were identified and authenticated by a qualified taxonomist, and voucher specimens were deposited at the UBSC herbarium with voucher numbers UBSC-H-2024-01 to -04. Preparation of AS-XAYOT Tea To prepare the polyherbal tea, equal masses of dried, milled plant materials were blended, with 25 grams of each plant used. A 2-gram portion of the blended material was then infused in 250 mL of boiling water for 10 minutes, creating the AS-XAYOT tea. This preparation was used for both the phytochemical analysis and the clinical study. Phytochemical analysisVolatile constituents in the plant material were extracted using hydrodistillation via a Clevenger apparatus for 3 hours. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed on the extracted volatiles to identify the compounds. The GC-MS system used was an Agilent 7890B/5977A equipped with a VF-Wax column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 µm) under the following conditions: helium (He) flow rate of 1 mL/min and electron ionization (EI) at 70 eV. The compounds were identified by matching their mass spectra to the NIST 11 and Wiley 9 libraries, with a match threshold of > 85%. Elemental Analysis to determine the macro- and micro-elemental composition, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) was conducted on pressed pellets of the dried, milled plant material using an ARL PERFORM’X spectrometer. The quantification was carried out using the fundamental parameter method against certified reference materials to ensure accurate and reliable results. Clinical study design the clinical study was conducted with the approval of the UBS Bioethics Committee (№ UBS-2025-11). The study followed a single-arm, open-label design. The inclusion criteria were adults aged 18-65 years with functional dyspepsia or Stage I hypertension. Participants with pregnancy or chronic hepatic or renal diseases were excluded from the study. A total of 20 participants (mean age: 46 ± 12 years) were enrolled. The study design required participants to consume 250 mL of freshly brewed AS-XAYOT tea twice daily for 28 consecutive days. Clinical endpoint assessments were performed at baseline and on Day 28 of the study. The endpoints included:[7, p. 15]

1. Vascular Tone: Measured by photoplethysmography.
2. Gall-Bladder Motility: Assessed using ultrasound imaging.
3. Immune Status: Evaluated through total leukocyte count.
4. Patient-Reported Outcomes: Participants reported their perceived changes in gastrointestinal symptoms and overall well-being. [12, p. 5]

Statistical analysis. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0. Paired     tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to assess the pre- and post-intervention differences for continuous variables. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

 RESULTS. GC-MS Profile A total of 42 volatile compounds were detected from the extracted plant materials. The five most abundant compounds, identified by their relative area percentages (≥ 3%), were:

1. Quercetin (11.4%)
2. Rutin (9.8%)
3. Kaempferol (6.3%)
4. Linoleic acid (5.9%)
5. Thymoquinone (4.7%)

These compounds are known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other beneficial properties, supporting the therapeutic potential of the tea. Mineral Composition the elemental analysis revealed the presence of several important macro- and micro-minerals in the AS-XAYOT tea. The major elements, listed in decreasing order of abundance, were:

1. Potassium (K)
2. Silicon (Si)
3. Calcium (Ca)
4. Sulfur (S)
5. Magnesium (Mg)
6. Phosphorus (P)
7. Iron (Fe)

Trace elements such as Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), and Copper (Cu) were also detected and were within the permissible limits set by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization

Picture 1. Elemental Oxide Profile of AS-XAYOT Tea

Clinical Outcomes. Microvascular reactivity improved by 15.6 ± 6.1 % (88 % responders). Gall-bladder ejection fraction normalized in 82 % of participants. Total leukocyte count increased by 12.3 ± 4.5 % (p = 0.002).  Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale score decreased from 2.8 ± 0.6 to 1.4 ± 0.5 (p < 0.001).No hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity was observed (AST, ALT, reatinine unchanged).

Volatile Composition of “AS-XAYOT” Tea Essential oils are typically extracted from plants using several methods, including steam distillation, low-boiling solvent extraction, or extraction with odorless neutral oils.

The volatile components of “AS-XAYOT” tea, prepared from flower clusters of Amaranthus lera and flower buds of Styphnolobium japonicum grown in the Namangan region, were obtained via hydrodistillation. The extracted compounds were dried using desiccants, and the essential oil composition was analyzed using gas chromatography on an Agilent 7890B system, equipped with an Agilent 5977A mass-selective detector (Agilent Technologies).

Separation was carried out on a VF-Wax CP 9205 capillary column (100% polyethylene glycol, 30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm film thickness; Agilent Technologies, Netherlands).

Picture 2. GC-MS Analysis of AS-XAYOT Tea

2. Olingan natijalar  gaz xromato-mass-spektrometrik ma’lumotlar kutubxonasi, Wiley Registry of Mass Spectral Data (9-chi nashr), NIST Mass Spectral Library (2011) ma’lumotlar bazasi hamda kataloglardan foydalangan holda tahlil qilindi.

Biz tomonimizdan “As- Xayot” choyining  o‘tarkibidagi inson organizmi uchun foydali bo‘lgan tabiiy kimyoviy birikmalar ajratib olindi va qiyosiy taqqoslandi. Olingan natijalar quyidagi jadvalda keltirilgan. Table 1.

Table 1.

Comparative Quantitative Analysis of the Chemical Composition of AS-XAYOT Tea

It can be observed from the data presented in Table 1 “AS-XAYOT” tea include compounds such as β-Muurolene (0.9%), Furfural (1.8%), D-Limonene (15.4%), 1,8-Cineole (6.4%), and m-Cymene (7.7%). The monoterpenes, diterpenes, heterocyclic aldehydes, and hydrocarbons present in the therapeutic tea demonstrate a significant combined effect on human health. Furthermore, these findings confirm that the tea contains a wide range of biologically active compounds beneficial to the human body, suggesting its potential for broad application in both modern medicine and traditional herbal practices.

Discussion Our findings support traditional ethnomedical claims regarding the therapeutic benefits of Styphnolobium japonicum and Amaranthus lera. The high content of quercetin and other flavonoids in S. japonicum likely accounts for its positive impact on vascular function, including improved microcirculation and normalized vascular tone. Similarly, A. lera, rich in polyphenols and antioxidants, appears to contribute to gastrointestinal health and anti-inflammatory effects observed in the study participants.

Furthermore, the notable presence of essential minerals such as potassium, magnesium, calcium, and iron in the AS-XAYOT tea may synergize with these phytochemicals to amplify the overall therapeutic efficacy. The combination of these two botanicals demonstrates a promising natural formulation that may offer cardiovascular and digestive health benefits without adverse effects.

Conclusions This study evaluated the phytochemical profile and clinical efficacy of AS-XAYOT herbal tea, a formulation composed solely of Styphnolobium japonicum and Amaranthus lera. GC-MS analysis identified key bioactive compounds such as quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, and linoleic acid, which are associated with cardiovascular and digestive health benefits. Elemental analysis confirmed the presence of essential minerals including potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron, all of which contribute to overall physiological support.

The clinical study demonstrated significant improvements in microvascular reactivity, gall-bladder function, immune response, and digestive symptoms after 28 days of AS-XAYOT tea consumption. Importantly, no adverse effects were observed, indicating the tea's safety and tolerability.

These findings suggest that AS-XAYOT tea is a promising natural remedy with potential benefits for cardiovascular health, gastrointestinal support, and immune modulation. Further validation through large-scale, randomized controlled trials is recommended to confirm these results. Overall, the study underscores the value of scientifically investigating traditional herbal formulations and integrating them into evidence-based health practices.

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