THE FORMATION OF THE HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN AFTER GAINING INDEPENDENCE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ANDIZHAN REGION)

ABSTRACT

The article is devoted to the analysis of fundamental changes in historical science after Uzbekistan gained independence. In this article, the changes that occurred in the history of Uzbekistan in 1991-2024 are analyzed using the example of the Andijan region. Numerous scientific works, monographs, and articles on the history of the Andijan region, changes in historical science in the education system, and the formation of historiography during the period of independence have been researched.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Статья посвящена анализу коренных изменений в исторической науке после обретения Узбекистаном независимости. В данной статье анализируются изменения, произошедшие в истории Узбекистана в 1991-2024 годах, на примере Андижанской области. В многочисленных научных работах, монографиях и статьях по истории Андижанской области исследованы вопросы изменения исторической науки в системе образования, формирования историографии периода независимости.

Keywords: Uzbekistan, Andijan region, scientific research, monographs, education, higher education, history of Uzbekistan.

Ключевые слова: Узбекистан, Андижанская область, научные исследования, монографии, образование, высшее образование, История Узбекистана.

Introduction. After Uzbekistan gained independence, fundamental changes took place in historical science. Instead of the historical approach that had developed during the Soviet era, a national and independent perspective developed. In this process, the role and significance of the Andijan region were also reconsidered. The article analyzes the changes that took place in the history of Uzbekistan from 1991 to 2024 using the example of the Andijan region.

Methodology. After the declaration of independence of Uzbekistan on September 1, 1991, new approaches to the study of the country's history emerged. Historical sources previously written on the basis of Soviet ideology began to be critically analyzed.

The history of the Andijan region was also examined. Previously, only aspects related to revolutionary movements or Soviet power were covered, but after independence, the ancient culture of the region, its role in the Timurid era, the Jadid movement and the national liberation struggle began to be studied in more depth.

Results. Since 1991, many scientific works, monographs and articles on the history of the Andijan region have been published. In particular: A new study of the Andijan uprising (1898) has been conducted. During the Soviet era, this event was viewed as a counter-revolutionary movement, but after independence it began to be studied as a national liberation movement. Nevertheless, there remains great research potential in studying the reasons for the loss of historical chances due to the fact that the Andijan uprising activists did not reach a compromise with their opposing side at the time, unlike, for example, the relations between the Russian Empire and the emirs of Bukhara.

The Jadid movement was re-analyzed using the example of the Andijan region. The contribution of local Jadids to education and reforms was noted. The political events of the 1990s are also beginning to be studied in a historical perspective. The Andijan events of 2005 have also become a topic that requires an independent historiographical approach. Changes in the history of education. After independence, history textbooks were radically revised. The following updates were noted in the history of the Andijan region:

In schools and universities, the teaching of topics related to the history of Andijan has been expanded. New textbooks and teaching aids on the history of the region have been published. Students and researchers have received broad access to regional archives and museums to study the history of Andijan.

Restoration and popularization of cultural heritage. After 1991, much attention was paid to the restoration of historical and cultural monuments of Andijan. Cultural heritage sites named after Babur have been restored. Research into the life and work of Babur has expanded. Ancient architectural monuments have been restored in Andijan. Historical festivals and events are organized in the region.

Also, the research conducted in the Andijan region, reforms in the education system, and the restoration of cultural heritage represent a new stage in the study of national history. This process contributed to the restoration of historical truth and increased respect for the people's history. Of course, significant changes were observed in the teaching of history in higher educational institutions of the Andijan region in 1991-2024. Below we will consider these changes in their main directions:

1. Formation of historiography during the period of independence:

Rejection of Soviet historiography and formation of a new approach to national history. Study of such topics as Uzbekistan's path to independence, history of national statehood, national heroes and national liberation movements. Conducting new research in the field of source studies and archaeology.

2. Improving curricula and teaching methods:

Including national history, world history and regional history in history curricula. Using interactive teaching methods aimed at developing students' independent thinking skills. Active participation of students in scientific research and scientific-practical conferences.

3. Development of scientific research and publishing activities:

Conducting scientific research on the history of Uzbekistan, the history of the Andijan region and the history of the region. Publication of scientific articles, monographs and textbooks. Conducting scientific-practical conferences and seminars.

4. The main factors that influenced the development of history in higher education institutions of the Andijan region:

Resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan aimed at developing the spheres of education and science, scientific cooperation of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan with higher education institutions, development of international scientific cooperation, introduction of modern technologies in higher education.

5. The main problems in the field of history in higher educational institutions of the Andijan region:

Lack of financial resources for scientific research, insufficient scientific literature and sources, lack of young historians, low level of implementation of scientific research results in practice.

Higher educational institutions of Andijan region: Andijan State University, Andijan Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Andijan State Medical University, Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnology, Andijan branch of Tashkent State Agrarian University. These higher educational institutions prepare highly qualified specialists in history and conduct scientific research.

These changes were implemented with the aim of strengthening national identity, restoring historical memory and educating the younger generation in the spirit of patriotism.

Discussion. After 1991, there were changes in the study of the history of Uzbekistan in the following areas:

Attention to national values; Historical research began to pay more attention to national values, customs and traditions. Rethinking the history of the Soviet era; The history of the Soviet era was reconsidered impartially and objectively. Studying the legacy of our great ancestors; The life and work of our great ancestors, their contribution to world civilization were deeply studied.

Working with new sources: The ability to work with archival documents, foreign sources and other new sources has been created.

In the case of the Andijan region. The above changes have also been reflected in the history of the Andijan region. Many scientific studies have been conducted aimed at studying the history of the region. The life and work of great Andijan scientists, including Zakhiriddin Muhammad Babur, Muhammad Sharif Sofizoda and Boborakhim Mashrab, have been studied.

Much attention was paid to the historical monuments of the Andijan region, including such architectural monuments as the Jame Mosque, the Devon Boy Mosque, and the Khodjaabad Madrasah. These monuments were restored and opened to tourists. The history of Uzbekistan began to be studied in depth in schools and universities. Various events were held to educate the younger generation in the spirit of patriotism, including "History Lessons".

Conclusion. The changes that have occurred in the history of Uzbekistan over the years of independence have played an important role in the awareness of national identity, the restoration of historical memory, and the education of the younger generation in the spirit of patriotism. Andijan region also actively participated in these changes. In the future, it is planned to pay great attention to the study and development of the history of Uzbekistan.

References:

1. Mirziyoyev Sh.M. Critical analysis, strict discipline and personal responsibility should be the daily rule of every leader activity. – Tashkent: ‘U‘zbekiston,’ 2017.
2. Abu-l Fazl Bayhaki. History of Masuda. – Moscow, 1969. – PP. 218.
3. Alimova D. and b. History of Uzbekistan 1917-1981. 5^th Edition. Tashkent: Sharq, 2006.
4. Alimova D.A. History as history, history as science. – Tashkent: 2009.
5. Askarov A. Some theoretical issues of ethnogenesis and ethnic history of the Uzbek people // History of Uzbekistan. 2002. No. 4. - PP. 43-46.
6. Akhmedov B. Lessons from history. Tashkent: 1994. - PP. 22. Ahmedov B. Sources of the history of Uzbekistan. Tashkent: 2001. – PP. 310.
7. Badalova M. The newest history of Uzbekistan. Andijan-2023.