INFORMATION CULTURE AS ONE OF THE MAIN FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INFORMATION SOCIETY

ABSTRACT

This scientific article is devoted to the study and analysis of the influence of information culture on various factors of information society development.

The relevance of this scientific article is determined primarily by the insufficient knowledge of the subject, as well as the lack of generalizing works in this field. In this article, we have studied various methodologies (comparative method, retrospective, empirical and predictive methods) that describe in detail various factors of information society development, as well as the influence of information culture on human activity, and decided to consider this issue in more detail.

АННОТАЦИЯ

Данная научная статья посвящена изучению и анализу влияния информационной культуры на разные факторы развития инфообщества.

Актуальность данной научной статьи определяется, прежде всего, недостаточной изученностью предмета, а также отсутствием обобщающих работ в этой области. В статье авторы изучили различные методологии (сравнительный метод, ретроспективный, эмпирический и прогностический методы) которые подробно описывают различные факторы развития инфообщества, а также влияние информационной культуры на деятельность человека и решили рассмотреть этот вопрос более подробно.

Keywords: philosophy, AI, philosophical sciences, information culture, ICT.

Ключевые слова: философия, ИИ, философские науки, информационная культура, ИКТ.

Introduction

One of the main factors in the development of society is information culture. A person living in the information society has a great demand for information. A person is constantly in the exchange of information with the environment. Just as a person plays an important role in ecological culture, music culture, table culture, environmental, speech, political culture, sanitary and hygienic culture, and other conditions when he is in contact with the environment, nature, information culture is of great importance when communicating with the information world. Thus, as the information society is formed, the abundance of information is created, as the percentage of information labor in the economy increases, this form of culture becomes more relevant. So, the emergence of the information society makes the formation of an information culture even more relevant. The concept of Information Culture is based on two fundamental concepts: information and culture. Information is information and knowledge that a person receives from the world around him. Culture is the creative life activity of man. There are 5 main components of culture: knowledge, skills, self-doubt, spirituality, and creative ability. Information Culture is an integral part of the general culture of man. Conceptual model of Information Culture: reception, memory, processing, presentation, etc. There are two factors to consider here. Natural (genetic) characteristics and qualities that are subsequently acquired because of the influence of education, society, sociality. There must also be factors that are necessary for the proper level of culture of every person, social system. The necessary economic, demographic, environmental, political factors must be at a certain level so that a person has a certain culture. It is not easy, perhaps not impossible, to give an accurate, complete definition of Information Culture. Because such an information model as receiving and processing information and then presenting it to the environment covers human activity very widely. In other words, any profession (poet, scientist, composer, artist, etc.) the owner operates according to this model. Then it turns out that music, oratory, painting, artistry, etc. all this applies to Information Culture. The components of Information Culture are what information to choose, organize its search, receive, store in memory, process and transmit. So, the process of forming an information culture is directly related to the possibilities of its constituent part (reception, memory, processing, presentation). A high Information Culture allows a person to work with any kind of information, to effectively use this information both in everyday life and in professional activities. So, if a person has an information culture, he has broad prospects for employment in the information society. The main philosophy of this society, which is the next stage in the development of civilization, is the creation of opportunities for all people to receive the necessary information and knowledge at any time and from anywhere, regardless of their nationality, religion, physical capabilities, social status, age. As you can see, technological tools have already appeared to ensure the accessibility of information and knowledge for everyone. The availability of traditional information such as radio and television, as well as new information such as the internet, allows every inhabitant of the planet to have free access to the information he needs in life. To ensure these rights, education, economics, etc. relevant problems are required to be solved in the fields. The abundance of information resulting from the development of ICT, on the one hand, facilitates decision-making to solve a particular problem. On the other hand,  to make the right decision, a person needs to process large amounts of information in a short period of time, to ensure its accuracy, completeness, etc. it is forced to investigate its characteristics, to determine the reliability of information sources. Information of different quality and volume causes memory overload and reduces the ability to think. As a result, people engaged in intellectual activity are exposed to a mental disorder called ‘information fatigue syndrome.’ Therefore, at present, a person is more concerned about the question ‘what not to read,’ and not ‘what not to read.’ In this regard, the information society theorist E. Toffler wrote: ‘Today, the ability not to collect information, but to select the most necessary ones from the collection of information, analyze them correctly and deliver them to the customer on time comes to the fore.’ [1]. Therefore, the preparation of people for the information society is becoming one of the most important tasks of the current period. And this is possible only with the formation of an Information Culture in them. The content of the concept of ‘information culture’ reflects the interaction of a person with the infosphere surrounding it. Information Culture is a person's knowledge and skills related to the reception and assimilation, memorization, processing, protection and security of information, its presentation, compliance with legal and ethical norms when using information, as well as methods of protection against harmful information and the information society is a product of the use of computers and other electronic and audiovisual media. In this narrower sense, change has clearly been fundamental. Devices that are now part of our everyday lives – telephones, televisions, computers – were invented within the last 100 years or so and have clearly transformed the way we live and work. That transformation took place within a timescale as short as a decade in many aspects of office management, telecommunications, and some forms of television broadcasting. [2].

Information and knowledge today become strategic resources of the state and society, begin to form the basis of socio-economic, technological, and cultural development. Information technology is becoming an element of the functioning of modern society from a technological factor, that is, social development, economic competitiveness of countries, the emergence of new jobs, etc. and it starts to depend on these technologies. The experience of advanced countries shows that the formation and intensive development of the information society is impossible without appropriate training of people for it. The new society imposes a huge number of new requirements on people. To effectively build both personal and professional activities, such requirements as a high level of use of modern technologies in their capabilities, constantly increasing their knowledge, as well as creating new knowledge using the acquired knowledge, begin to form the basis of human preparation for the information society.  For people to adapt to the way of life of modern society, it becomes necessary for them to acquire knowledge and skills in the field of obtaining, processing, analyzing and disseminating information [3]. Because the peculiarity of modern society is that the effectiveness of any type of activity depends on the level of its information support. Its essence lies in the fact that everyone, regardless of the field in which he operates, must necessarily have certain knowledge and skills in the field of Information Technology and be able to use them  to be integrated into this society. Usually, the professionalism of the employee was considered as a set of certain knowledge, skills, and habits. However, now importance is attached not only to the presence of a certain level of training, but also to the presence of potential, which allows you to constantly improve the level of professionalism, create new knowledge, increase previously acquired skills and habits. It goes without saying that the requirements of each profession, position are different, which are worked out by the employer, improved, etc. At present, however, new requirements have appeared for all specialists, regardless of their profession and position: to obtain the necessary information and knowledge in a timely manner and apply them in their activities. Because the ability to do any work inherent in the previous society, to produce something, is not enough for the current period. A peculiar new type of economy of the emerging society is being formed, which combines the production of informatization tools, as well as information products and services, the information market. The information economy has  several distinctive features. Thus, the information industry, information products and services are highly scientific. Therefore, their quality and competitiveness in the domestic and foreign market significantly depends on the level of technological development and use of new information technologies in this or that country. At the same time, the products of the information economy are part of other sectors of economics – industry, construction, transport, etc. it becomes a key factor for its development. The development of this economy creates a new structure of employment of the population, requires the development of new forms of individual labor and creativity. Today, systematic thinking, willingness to experiment, cooperation are the main qualities that value professionalism. Preference is given to people with strategic thinking who  can identify and solve problems in each area. To  live and function in a rapidly changing world, a person is required to have the ability to quickly adapt to new conditions, constantly improve his education, pay attention to the latest research and innovations taking place in his field. In recent times, a term has appeared that reflects the acquisition of a career not in a bureaucratic way, but in a new way - project thinking. There are people who work only with information, with projects, who are called information analysts [4]. Often, they do not have a permanent job, they move from one project to another. To work with projects, a person must have  several high qualities: high creative ability; professionalism; independently conduct research; the ability to work in a team; the ability to communicate with others, etc. Today,  there are ample opportunities to participate in joint projects over the Internet. Apparently, in the conditions of the formation of the information society, the requirements for human resources are changing. The expansion of the spectrum of information services provided with the help of ICT requires a new form of culture from a person to work with information. New requirements are added to the traditional culture necessary for working with information. Because ICT changes the forms and methods of information exchange. Understanding and mastering it is an integral part of a person's preparation for a society of knowledge. Computers and other ICT tools are simply technical capabilities for the use of an information resource. The main thing is how a person absorbs what information, what constitutes his information potential. The study of these issues is extremely important  to adapt to the living conditions of the new society. According to many researchers, having information creates a strategic advantage at the personality level, as well as at the country level [5]. These legal measures can remain just goodwill if the demand of enterprises and organizations for computer equipment, everyone's access to the Internet is completely ensured, even if the most progressive laws are adopted in this area, the issue of preparing people for the information society is not resolved. Therefore, along with professional qualities, knowledge of new technologies, as well as information, its essence, features, processing, and methods of creating new types of information should be instilled during the training of specialists. This knowledge is important for forming an Information Culture. Thus, a citizen of the information society should become a carrier of two cultures: technological and Information Culture. The absence or weakness of any of these will cause problems for the normal functioning of a person, and even for his health.

Conclusion

In connection with the transition to the Information Society, another category is added to the general culture of man — information culture. Information culture implies the ability to purposefully process information and use computer technology, modern technical means and methods for its acquisition, processing, and transmission. In other words, the main indicators of a person's information culture are: the ability to use various technical devices, from telephones to personal computers and computer networks; the ability to master information technology (for example: office programs, graphic editors, etc. knowledge); the ability to receive information, whether from periodicals or with the help of electronic means (for example: any newspaper, or open and read the website of the journal); the ability to intelligibly present information and use it effectively; knowledge of various methods of information processing; the ability to work with different types of information. As noted, each member of the information society must have computer skills, the ability to create various documents with its help, ideas about the main classes of programs and deep knowledge in the field in which he works.  The issue of building an information society, ensuring a person's place in this society and free access to information has been in the center of attention of the international community for a long time. As early as 2003 and 2005, these issues were the subject of extensive discussion at the world summits in Geneva and Tunisia on information society issues. In our opinion, people who want to solve any problem should be able to apply to which information sources to meet their information needs, purposefully implement information requests, correctly build a search strategy, determine the authenticity of the information they receive, how authoritative the information source is, and  consider legal and ethical aspects in the use of information and knowledge. For  people to adapt to the requirements of the information society, to be able to improve their financial situation using the opportunities created by this society, it is necessary to prepare them for living in this society. To achieve this, it is extremely important to carry out the process of forming an Information Culture in people, starting from an early age. Knowledge and skills on obtaining and assimilating information, memorizing, processing, presenting, ensuring its security are the basis of human information culture. At the same time, compliance with legal and ethical norms when working with information, as well as the ability to protect against dangerous information are also important components of information culture. Thus, at present, in the global information space, people are faced with harmful information that is dangerous to their moral and psychological health, cyber threats, internet addiction, etc. they also come across problems. The way to solve these problems lies primarily through the formation of an information culture in them.

References:

1. Toffler. Future Shock. New York: Random House, 1975. – PP. 562.
2. John Feather. The Information Society A study of continuity and change. – PP. 201 – 206.
3. The World of Mathematics. A small library with commentaries and notes by James R. Newman, Simon & Schuster, NY, Vol. 4, 1956. – PP. 2099–2123.
4. K.K. Colin. About the actual problems of the formation of a new information culture of society. Information technology. - 2007. - № 8.
5. T. A. Grinchenko. The Internet. Ethical issues. The world of communications and computer science. 2000, No. 5. – PP. 92-95.