A STUDY OF WORD-FORMATION NEST IN THE MODERN TURKMEN LANGUAGE USING THE WORD "WATER" AS AN EXAMPLE

ABSTRACT

This article presents the results of a comparative structural analysis of word-formation nests with the vertices “ suw ” in the Turkmen language. Recently , interest in word formation has been growing in linguistics. It should be noted that the study of word formation families is a new phenomenon in Turkmen linguistics, so works devoted to this topic primarily define a system of terms.

АННОТАЦИЯ

В данной статье представлены результаты сопоставительного структурного анализа словообразовательных гнезд с вершинами “suw” в туркменском языке. В последнее время в лингвистике проявляется интерес к словообразованию. Следует отметить, что в туркменской лингвистике изучение словообразовательных гнезд - явление новое, поэтому в работах, посвященных данной тематике, в первую очередь, определена система терминов.

Keywords: Word formation, word-formation nest, Turkmen language, analysis, suw, language, linguistic units, word, terminology, linguistics, national terms.

Ключевые слова: Словообразование, словообразовательный комплекс, туркменский язык, анализ, suw, язык, языковые единицы, слово, терминология, лингвистика, национальные термины.

The reason why word formation occupies a dominant position in the linguistic picture of the world is that it “is a reliable basis for categorizing the world, identifying the most important categories for humans” [1 : 65]. T.I. Vendina’s point of view is interesting , believing that “word formation opens up opportunities for the conceptual interpretation of reality. It allows us to understand which elements of extra-linguistic reality are marked in word formation and how, why they are retained by consciousness, since the very choice of one or another phenomenon of reality as an object of word formation determination testifies to its significance for native speakers” [2 : 41].

This article presents the results of a comparative structural analysis of word-formation nests with the vertices suw In the Turkmen language. At the current stage of Turkic language studies, where researchers tend to approach them through the eyes of native speakers, the results of Russian scholars' research play a crucial role. As vanguard perspectives in modern linguistics, they contribute to a more in-depth understanding of the characteristics of the world's languages, including the national languages of the CIS.

Recently, interest in word formation has been growing in linguistics. It should be noted that the study of word formation families is a new phenomenon in Turkmen linguistics, so works devoted to this topic primarily focus on defining a system of terms.

The term “word-formation nest” in the Turkmen language is rendered as söz ýasalyş öýjügi , where söz ýasalyş is word formation, and öýjük - nest.

Here are some other terms: word-formation pair - söz ýasalyş jübüdi , word-formation chain – söz ýasalyş zynjyry , link - halka , the structure of the word-formation nest - söz ýasalyş öýjüginiň gurluşy , chains of words - söz zynjyrlary , branched word-formation nests - şahalanan söz ýasalyş öýjükleri , complex word-forming nests - çylşyrymly söz ýasalyş öýjükleri , simple word-formation nests - sada söz ýasalyş öýjükleri , word-forming nests of complex structure - çylşyrymly gurluşly söz ýasalyş öýjükleri , level of productivity - ýasaýjylyk derejesi , structural varieties of word-formation nests - söz ýasalyş öýjükleriniň gurluş görnüşleri , the core of the word-formation nest - söz ýasalyş öýjüginiň merkezi , etc. [3:101]

Let us consider the features of the word formation nest with the vertex suw in the Turkmen language. It is well known that the semantic structure of a word contains a wealth of information about a person's value system—from vital to social and cultural. This information is often expressed implicitly and can only be "deciphered" through etymological reconstruction of the word. However, more often than not, it is presented explicitly, as, for example, in a compound word, which always reveals a connection between the designated phenomena and objects of reality.

The top of the word-formation nest is suw - is one of the most ancient and semantically complex archetypes. This word, unchanged from its original form, exists not only in Turkmen but also in other Turkic languages, for example: in Azerbaijani and Turkish (su), Kazakh and Tatar (su), Kyrgyz (suu) , and Uzbek (suv).

Derivatives formed from it incorporate, in one way or another, the system of meanings that has developed over the millennia of the word's existence. Composites reveal the purpose of word composition: everything that catches a person's eye, that attracts their attention, that falls within the scope of their activity, receives clear expression in language.

A complex word-formation nest with the verb "suw" in Turkmen can be called a concept and considered as a "multidimensional formation that has a layered structure, a conceptual basis, an internal structure, distribution properties, valence connections and cultural characteristics."

In this article, we will limit ourselves to a component analysis of complex units included in the conceptual field of the concept suw. Word-formation nest with the vertex suw is one of the largest nests in the modern Turkmen language.

In our study of composites, we concluded that the extensive material available allows us to refine and expand the groupings. The following lexical-semantic groups of compound words with a verbal supporting component can be identified:

1) agentive, denoting an actor and specialist in a certain field: 1. Suwagçy - plasterer, ( suwagçy bolup işlemek – to work as a plasterer.) 2. Suwçy - 1. Irrigator (a person who waters crops tejribeli suwçy - an experienced irrigator) ; 2. water carrier, water bearer. 3. Suwtopçy – water polo player. 4. Suwumsyz - scatterbrain; candy-like ( suwumsyz görnüş - candy-like appearance) 5. Suwwaz – diver. 6. Suwytsyz – stingy. 7. [4:611-613; 5]

2) procedural: 1. Suwag - coating; plaster; plastering (suwag işleri - plastering works) , 2. Suwama, - coating; spreading; plaster; sealing (deşikleri dykyp suwama - sealing of holes). 3. Suwamak - to plaster; to plaster; to coat; to coat; to smear; to plaster; to plaster; to plaster; to seal; to cover up; to plaster (diwarlary suwamak - to plaster walls; peçi palçyk bilen suwamak - to coat a stove with clay ). 4. Suwlama- watering. 5. Suwlamak - to splash; to finish heating; to water (köçeleri suwlamak - to water the streets). 6. Suwarma - irrigation; cyanidation; watering; watering ( gurak ýerleri suwarma - irrigation of dry lands; bagy suwarma - watering the garden). 7. Suwarma k-to irrigate; to water; to pour ( meýdany suwarmak - to water the fields). 8. Suwsamak – to thirst. 9. Suwlulandyryş -watering ( suwlulandyryş kanaly - irrigation canal). Suwsuzlandyrmak – to dehydrate. 10. Suwutma - dilution; thinning; dilution ( reňke olif goşup suwutma, reňke olif garma - diluting paint with drying oil). 11. Suwutmak - to dilute; to dissolve (süýde suw goşup suwutmak - to dilute milk with water). 12. low water content ( suwsuzlykdan horluk çekmek - to suffer from lack of water) 13. Suwsuzlandyrmak - to dehydrate [4:611-613; 5].

3) subject : 1. Suwag - coating; plaster; plastering (palçyk suwag - clay coating; diwaryň suwagy dökülipdir - plaster has fallen off the wall; gury suwag, taýýar suwag - dry plaster; suwagy - plaster) . 2. Suwsorujy – water pumping station; 3. Suwtop - water polo; 4. Suwluktorba – bag, sack. 5. Suwuklyk - effusion; liquid; solution; buoyancy (iriňli suwuklyk - purulent effusion; suwuklyk guýlan gap - a vessel with liquid; suwuklyk ölçegleri - measures of liquids). 6. Suwlar - water; stream ( Wolganyň suwlary - waters of the Volga; döwlet suwlary - state waters). 7. Suwaldyjy – thinner [4:611-613; 5].

4) names of animals, birds, insects, plants : 1. Suwýylan - snake; supper; snake ( suwýylanyň hini - supper nest; suwýylanyň kellesi - snake's head) 2. Suwpişik – walrus. 3 Suwoty - mud; algae (howdany suwoty basyndyr - pond overgrown with mud) 4. Suwguşy – lapwing, 5. Suwulgan – lizard. [4:611-613; 5].

5 ) name of feature 1 . Suwüsti - surface ( suwüsti flot - surface fleet; suwüsti gämi - surface ship) 2. Suwotly - muddy ( suwotly howdan - muddy pond; suwotly düýp - muddy bottom) 3. Suwasty – underwater ( suwasty akym - underwater current; suwasty ösümlikler - underwater plants; suwasty organizmler - underwater organisms) 4. Suwarymly - water-rich; water-irrigated; irrigated ( suwarymly ülke - water-rich region; suwarymly ekerançylyk - irrigated agriculture) 5. Suwsuz - waterless; low-water; dry ( suwsuz çöller - waterless deserts; suwsuz kislota - anhydrous acid; suwsuz hana - dry riverbed), suwagly - plastered, 6. Suwagsyz - unplastered. 7. Suwuk - liquid; liquid; liquid; unsaturated; fluid; weak; watery; sparse; floating (suwuk jisimler - liquid bodies physical ; suwuk kristal (suwuklyk we gaty kristal häsiýetli madda) - liquid crystal physical ; suwuk ýangyç - liquid fuel ; suwuk palçyk - liquid mud). 8. Suwly - juicy; water; aquiferous; watery; sparse; seasoned (suwly şetdaly - juicy peaches) 9. Suwlulyk - juiciness; wateriness. 10. Suwjuklyk - haberdashery; tinsel; trumpery; sentimentalism; pretense 11. Suwsuzlyk - lack of water; 12. Suwsamak – to thirst, 13. Suwsamaklyk – thirst (gaty suwsamaklyk - strong thirst) [4:611-613; 5.]

When analyzing words with the root suw, one should also pay attention to some complex words and phrases, the meanings of which can be conveyed in one word: suwagy dökülen “shabby”, suwa ýakma “watering; drinking place; giving drink”, suwa ýatyrmak “soak”, suwa salyp goýma “soak; soaking”, suwa giden adam “drowned person”, suwa düşürmek  to ransom; bathe”, suwa çydamly “waterproof”, suwa düşülýän ýer ≪ bath ≫, suwa çyrpmak ≪ rinse; rinse; rinse thoroughly”, suwa çümme “dive”, suwa batyş derejesi “sediment”, suwa batyş “displacement”, suwa basdyrma “flooding; flood” suw ýygnaýyş “watershed”, suwa batan agaç “snag”, suw üpjünligi “water supply”, suw transporty “water transport”, suw tomzagy “floater”, etc. [4. 611-613; 5.]

Thus, in all analyzed word-formation nests, at the top or in the core there are non-derivative free roots, which, as complete simple derivative bases, express the semantic commonality of all the words of each nest.

The branching of the word-formation nest with the apex suw , the presence in the composition of this nest of linguistically specific lexemes and lexemes whose meanings are of particular importance, as well as complex words - all this confirms the axiological significance of water in the national consciousness of the Turkmen people.

Thus, the study of word-formation nests contributes to a deep analysis of the structure of the Turkmen word and opens up wide opportunities for identifying various root communities of derivative words of the Turkmen language.

Reference:

1. Languages of Slavic Culture, 2004. 555 pg.
2. Borisenkova L.M. Word formation in the German language in cognitive consideration // Bulletin of the Vyatka State Humanitarian University. Series: Philology. 2008. No. 4(2). Pg. 64–66.
3. Taganova M.A. Study of word-formation Nests in the Turkmen language. Current issues Turkological Research Saint Petersburg 2016.
4. Dictionary of the Turkmen language, edited by Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Turkmen SSR M. Ya. Khamzaev . Ashgabat, 1962, pp. 611-613
5. Electronic Russian-Turkmen, Turkmen-Russian dictionary. PhoenixSozluk 2.0