ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ УЛУЧШЕННОГО РАЗРОВЕЛЬНОГО СТАНКА С КЛИНООБРАЗНЫМ КАТУШКОМ НА ОСНОВЕ МНОГОФАКТОРНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ

УДК 631.3+631.4

Abstract

The article states that the mola-leveler with a wedge-shaped roller consists of a frame equipped with a hitching device, a leveling working body, and a wedge-shaped roller. It also presents the results of multifactor experiments conducted to determine the values of the diameter of the wedge-shaped roller, the sharpening angle of the wedge-shaped part of the roller, the specific vertical load applied to the roller, and the travel speed that ensure the required quality of work with low energy consumption.

In the multifactor experiments, the degree of soil crumbling, that is, the content of soil fractions smaller than 25 mm, the soil density in the 5-15 cm layer, and the specific draft resistance of the improved roller mola-leveler were taken as evaluation criteria.

The experimental results were processed in the prescribed sequence, and regression equations adequately describing the evaluation criteria were obtained. The obtained regression equations were solved under the conditions that criterion Y₁ must be greater than 85 %, criterion Y₂ must be within 1.10-1.20 g/cm³, and criterion Y₃ must have a minimum value. It was determined that, in order to ensure the required level of soil crumbling and compaction at unit travel speeds of 6.0-9.0 km/h with low energy consumption, the diameter of the roller of the mola-leveler with a wedge-shaped roller should be 335-370 mm, its sharpening angle should be 73-86°, and the vertical load applied to it should be 2.02-2.14 kN/m.

Аннотация

В статье отмечается, что мала-выравниватель с клиновидным катком состоит из рамы, оборудованной навесным устройством, выравнивающей рабочей части и клиновидного катка, а также приведены результаты многофакторных экспериментов по определению значений диаметра клиновидного катка, угла заточки клинообразной части катка, удельной вертикальной нагрузки на каток и скорости движения, обеспечивающих требуемое качество работы с минимальными затратами энергии.

При проведении многофакторных экспериментов в качестве критериев оценки были приняты степень крошения почвы, то есть количество фракций почвы размером менее 25 мм, плотность почвы в слое 5-15 см и удельное тяговое сопротивление усовершенствованного мала-выравнивателя с катком.

Результаты эксперимента были обработаны в указанном порядке и получены уравнения регрессии, адекватно описывающие критерии оценки. Полученные уравнения регрессии были решены из условий, что критерий Y₁ составляет более 85%, критерий Y₂ находится в пределах 1,10-1,20 г/см³ и критерий Y₃ имеет минимальное значение, и было определено, что для обеспечения требуемого уровня крошения и уплотнения почвы при скоростях движения агрегата 6,0-9,0 km/h с минимальными затратами энергии диаметр мала-выравнивателя с клиновидным катком должен быть 335-370 mm, угол его заточки 73-86° и вертикальная нагрузка на него должна быть 2,02-2,14 kN/m.

Keywords: improved mola-leveler with a wedge-shaped roller, leveler, wedge-shaped roller, experimental studies, soil crumbling quality, soil density, specific draft resistance, laboratory-field installation, travel speed, regularities of variation in performance indicators.

Ключевые слова: мала-выравниватель с усовершенствованным клиновидным катком, выравниватель, клиновидный каток, экспериментальные исследования, качество крошения почвы, плотность почвы, удельное тяговое сопротивление, лабораторная полевая установка, скорость движения, закономерности изменения рабочих показателей.

Introduction

The main task in preparing land for sowing is to level the surface of fields, compact it to te required degree, crush large clods in the soil, and form a fine soil layer. At present, MV-6.0, MV-6.5, and other mola-levelers available on farms are widely used for this purpose in Uzbekistan. However, because the compacting parts of existing mola-levelers interact with the soil by sliding, a large amount of soil accumulates in front of them, and soil and plant residues adhere to their working surfaces. As a result, the quality of operation of the mola-leveler deteriorates and its draft resistance increases [1].

Our studies have shown that the indicated shortcomings of existing mola-levelers can be eliminated by replacing their compacting part, which has a working surface that acts on the soil by sliding, with a wedge-shaped roller that operates by rotation. As a result, the accumulation of soil in front of the compacting parts of the mola-leveler and the adhesion of soil to their working surfaces are eliminated; due to this, the working quality of the mola-leveler improves, its productivity increases, and draft resistance and fuel consumption decrease. Proceeding from the above, a mounted mola-leveler whose compacting part consists of a wedge-shaped roller was developed, and theoretical and experimental studies were carried out to substantiate its parameters.

Materials and Methods

The mola-leveler with a wedge-shaped roller consists of a frame 1 equipped with a hitching device, a leveling working body (hereinafter referred to as the leveler) 2, and a wedge-shaped roller 3 (Figure 1). When it moves across the field, the leveler levels the treated field surface, while the wedge-shaped roller rotates around its own axis, compacts the leveled surface, and crushes the clods present on it.

Figure 1. Structural diagram of the mola-leveler with a wedge-shaped roller

1 - frame; 2 - leveler; 3 - wedge-shaped roller

This article presents the results of multifactor experiments conducted to determine the values of the diameter of the wedge-shaped roller of the mola-leveler, the sharpening angle of the wedge-shaped part of the roller, the specific vertical load applied to the roller, and the travel speed that ensure the required quality of work with low energy consumption. The experiments were conducted using the Hartley-4 design [2-4].

In the multifactor experiments, the degree of soil crumbling, that is, the content of soil fractions smaller than 25 mm, the soil density in the 5-15 cm layer, and the specific draft resistance of the improved roller mola-leveler were taken as evaluation criteria. These indicators were determined according to the regulatory documents O’z DSt 3412:2019 and O’z DSt 3193:2017 [5, 6].

The data obtained in the experiments were processed using the “Regression Analyses” program developed by the experimental-testing department of the institute [6]. In this process, Cochran’s criterion was used to assess the homogeneity of variance, Student’s criterion was used to assess the values of the regression coefficients, and Fisher’s criterion was used to assess the adequacy of the regression models [7, 8].

Results and Discussion. The following table presents the factors, their designations, units of measurement, and levels of variation.

Table 1. Intervals and levels of variation of the factors

The experimental results were processed in the specified sequence, and the following regression equations were obtained, which adequately describe the evaluation criteria:

for the degree of soil crumbling (%):

Y₁ = 88.1848 - 0.9387X₁ - 1.0497X₂ + 4.47X₃ + 2.1433X₄ + 0.7032X₁² + 0.3713X₁X₂ - 0.4579X₁X₃ + 0.13704X₁X₄ - 0.435X₂² - 0.6429X₂X₃ - 0.9296X₂X₄ - 0.7383X₃² + 0X₃X₄ - 0.8X₄²;        (1)

for soil density in the 5-15 cm layer (g/cm³):

Y₂ = 1.1335 - 0.059X₁ - 0.0583X₂ + 0.1051X₃ - 0.09083X₄ + 0.0359X₁² + 0.0037X₁X₂ - 0.0038X₁X₃ - 0.0062X₁X₄ - 0.0157X₂² + 0.0246X₂X₃ - 0.0213X₂X₄ - 0.0591X₃² - 0.02054X₃X₄ + 0.01243X₄²;        (2)

for the specific draft resistance of the improved roller mola-leveler (kN/m):

Y₃ = 2.0851 - 0.0927X₁ + 0.1450X₂ + 0.1800X₃ + 0.0350X₄ + 0.04852X₁² + 0.0575X₁X₂ + 0.0825X₁X₃ + 0.010575X₁X₄ - 0.01472X₂² - 0.0525X₂X₃ - 0.010725X₂X₄ + 0.0618X₃² + 0.01275X₃X₄ + 0.010968X₄².        (3)

Analysis of regression equations (1)-(3) and of the graphical relationships constructed on their basis (Figures 2-4) shows that all factors had a significant effect on the evaluation criteria.

With a change in the diameter of the wedge-shaped roller, that is, with an increase in factor X₁, all criteria, namely the degree of soil crumbling, soil density, and draft resistance, first decreased and then remained almost unchanged.

With an increase in factor X₂, that is, the sharpening angle of the wedge-shaped part of the roller, criteria Y₁ and Y₂ decreased, while criterion Y₃ increased according to a convex parabolic law.

Figure 2. Graphs of the variation of criteria Y₁, Y₂, and Y₃ depending on factor X₁.

1, 2, and 3 correspond to travel speeds of 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 km/h, respectively.

Figure 3. Graphs of the variation of criteria Y₁, Y₂, and Y₃ depending on factor X₂.

1, 2, and 3 correspond to travel speeds of 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 km/h, respectively.

Figure 4. Graphs of the variation of criteria Y₁, Y₂, and Y₃ depending on factor X₃.

1, 2, and 3 correspond to travel speeds of 6.0, 7.5, and 9.0 km/h, respectively.

With an increase in factor X₃, criteria Y₁ and Y₂ increased according to a convex parabolic law, while criterion Y₃ increased according to a concave parabolic law.

Regression equations (1)-(3) were solved under the conditions that criterion Y₁ must be greater than 85 %, criterion Y₂ must be within 1.10-1.20 g/cm³, and criterion Y₃ must have a minimum value. It was determined that, at travel speeds of 6.0-9.0 km/h, the diameter of the roller of the developed mola-leveler with a wedge-shaped roller should be 335-370 mm, the sharpening angle of the disk installed on the roller should be within 73°-85°, and the vertical load applied to it should be within 2.02-2.14 kN/m.

At these determined values of the factors, criteria Y₁, Y₂, and Y₃ are 86.71-91.65 %, 1.14-1.19 g/cm³, and 2.57-2.65 kN/m, respectively.

Therefore, in order for the improved roller mola-leveler to ensure the required quality of work with low energy consumption at operating speeds of 6.0-9.0 km/h, the diameter of its wedge-shaped roller should be within 334.7-369.2 mm, its sharpening angle should be within 73°14′-85°42′, and the vertical load applied to it should be within 2.14-2.02 kN/m.

Conclusion

In order to ensure the required level of soil crumbling and compaction with low energy consumption at unit travel speeds of 6.0-9.0 km/h, the diameter of the roller of the mola-leveler with a wedge-shaped roller should be 335-370 mm, its sharpening angle should be 73-86°, and the vertical load applied to it should be within 2.02-2.14 kN/m.

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