An example of annotation formatting

An abstract is a stand-alone, informative text that allows the reader to evaluate the content, scientific novelty, and practical significance of the study without consulting the full text of the article. The abstract should be logically complete, informative, and understandable outside the context of the main text.

The recommended length of the abstract is 150–250 words in Russian. The English abstract should be a correct and complete translation of the Russian version, without abbreviations or semantic differences.

The content of the abstract should reflect the structure of the article and include the following elements:

Relevance of the research - justification of the significance of the topic, formulation of the scientific problem;
The purpose of the study is an indication of the subject, object or research task;
Research methods - description of the approaches, methods and sources used;
Results are the main data obtained, identified patterns and provisions;
Conclusions and practical significance - interpretation of the results, areas of their possible application and scientific value.

The following is not allowed in the annotation:

general and declarative formulations that do not contain specific information (“a current problem is being considered”, “research has been conducted”, etc.);
verbatim repetition of the article title;
references, footnotes and quotations;
undeciphered abbreviations and acronyms;
descriptions of the author's intentions ("the article will consider", "it is planned to show").

The abstract should present the results already obtained and be formulated in the present or past tense.

Examples of annotations

Example 1 (154 words)

EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT MODES ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOYS OF THE CoCrFeMnNi SYSTEM

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) of the CoCrFeMnNi system are attracting considerable interest as promising structural materials due to their combination of high strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance. However, the influence of heat treatment conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of this class of alloys has been insufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to establish the relationship between annealing parameters and the mechanical properties of the CoCrFeMnNi alloy produced by arc melting. Samples were annealed at temperatures of 800, 900, and 1000 °C for 1, 2, and 4 hours, followed by water cooling. The microstructure was examined using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis; mechanical properties were determined using uniaxial tensile testing and Vickers hardness testing. Annealing at 900°C for 2 hours was found to provide an optimal balance of strength and ductility: yield strength was 387 MPa, and relative elongation was 43%. Increasing the annealing temperature to 1000°C leads to grain growth and a 12–15% reduction in strength. The results can be used in developing process regulations for the production of HES components for the aerospace and energy industries.

Example 2 (163 words)

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR DETECTING ANOMALIES IN TRAFFIC OF INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS OF APCS BASED ON AUTOENCODERS

Ensuring the cybersecurity of automated process control systems (APCS) is a critical task in the face of an increasing number of targeted attacks on industrial infrastructure. Existing intrusion detection systems designed for corporate networks demonstrate low effectiveness when applied to Modbus and PROFINET industrial communication protocols due to their deterministic and periodic traffic structure. The goal of this study was to develop and test an anomaly detection method based on a deep autoencoder trained on normal network traffic without the use of labeled attack data. The model was trained on a dataset generated in a laboratory setup simulating a segment of a distributed control system with a 12-node topology. The features used included interpacket intervals, packet length, frequency of request function codes, and the traffic distribution asymmetry coefficient. Training was conducted over 50 epochs using the early stopping method to prevent overfitting. Based on testing using synthetic replay and command injection attacks, detection accuracy was 94.3% with a false positive rate of 2.1%. The proposed method requires no prior knowledge of attack signatures and can be integrated into existing SCADA systems as an additional software protection module.

Example 3 (151 words)

ASSESSMENT OF THE SEISMIC RESISTANCE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAME BUILDINGS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE DEGRADATION OF THE RIGIDITY OF NODAL CONNECTIONS UNDER CYCLIC LOADING

Designing earthquake-resistant reinforced concrete frame buildings requires adequate consideration of the nonlinear behavior of structures under repeated dynamic loads. Current standard models do not fully reflect the degradation of the stiffness and strength of beam-column nodal connections under multi-cycle loading, which can lead to a systematic underestimation of the damage level and the risk of progressive collapse. The objective of this study is to develop a refined finite element model of a frame building taking into account the hysteretic degradation of the stiffness of beam-column connections and to verify it using full-scale test data. The modeling was performed using the OpenSees software package and the Takeda material model to describe the nonlinear behavior of concrete under alternating loading. Three design options for nodal connections with varying percentages of transverse reinforcement are considered. The calculation was performed for accelerograms of earthquakes with intensities of 7 and 8 on the MSK-64 scale. It was found that accounting for stiffness degradation increases the calculated displacements of the upper floor by 18–26% compared to the linear elastic model. These findings support the need to revise safety factors when designing critical structures in areas with seismic activity of magnitude 7 or higher.